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Genetic and developmental basis of evolutionary pelvic reduction in threespine sticklebacks

机译:三脊椎棘背le骨盆复位的遗传和发育基础

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摘要

Hindlimb loss has evolved repeatedly in many different animals by means of molecular mechanisms that are still unknown. To determine the number and type of genetic changes underlying pelvic reduction in natural populations, we carried out genetic crosses between threespine stickleback fish with complete or missing pelvic structures. Genome-wide linkage mapping shows that pelvic reduction is controlled by one major and four minor chromosome regions. Pitx1 maps to the major chromosome region controlling most of the variation in pelvic size. Pelvic-reduced fish show the same left-right asymmetry seen in Pitx1 knockout mice, but do not show changes in Pitx1 protein sequence. Instead, pelvic-reduced sticklebacks show site-specific regulatory changes in Pitx1 expression, with reduced or absent expression in pelvic and caudal fin precursors. Regulatory mutations in major developmental control genes may provide a mechanism for generating rapid skeletal changes in natural populations, while preserving the essential roles of these genes in other processes.
机译:在许多不同的动物中,后肢的损失已经通过未知的分子机制反复发生。为了确定自然种群中骨盆减少的遗传变化的数量和类型,我们在具有完整或缺失骨盆结构的三脊棘背鱼之间进行了遗传杂交。全基因组连锁图谱显示骨盆减少受一个主要和四个次要染色体区域的控制。 Pitx1映射到控制大部分骨盆大小变异的主要染色体区域。骨盆减少的鱼显示出与Pitx1基因敲除小鼠相同的左右不对称性,但未显示Pitx1蛋白序列的变化。取而代之的是,骨盆减少的棘背鱼显示Pitx1表达的特定部位调节变化,而骨盆和尾鳍前体的表达减少或缺乏。主要发育控制基因中的调控突变可能提供了一种在自然种群中产生快速骨骼变化的机制,同时保留了这些基因在其他过程中的重要作用。

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