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De Broglie wavelength of a non-local four-photon state

机译:非局部四光子状态的De Broglie波长

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Superposition is one of the most distinctive features of quantum theory and has been demonstrated in numerous single-particle interference experiments(1-4). Quantum entanglement(5), the coherent superposition of states in multi-particle systems, yields more complex phenomena(6,7). One important type of multi-particle experiment uses path-entangled number states, which exhibit pure higher-order interference and the potential for applications in metrology and imaging(8); these include quantum interferometry and spectroscopy with phase sensitivity at the Heisenberg limit(9-12), or quantum lithography beyond the classical diffraction limit(13). It has been generally understood(14) that in optical implementations of such schemes, lower-order interference effects always decrease the overall performance at higher particle numbers. Such experiments have therefore been limited to two photons(15-18). Here we overcome this limitation, demonstrating a four-photon interferometer based on linear optics. We observe interference fringes with a periodicity of one-quarter of the single-photon wavelength, confirming the presence of a four-particle mode-entangled state. We anticipate that this scheme should be extendable to arbitrary photon numbers, holding promise for realizable applications with entanglement-enhanced performance.
机译:叠加是量子理论最独特的特征之一,并已在众多单粒子干涉实验中得到证明(1-4)。量子纠缠(5)是多粒子系统中状态的相干叠加,会产生更复杂的现象(6,7)。多粒子实验的一种重要类型是使用路径缠结的数态,它们表现出纯净的高阶干涉,并有可能在计量学和成像中应用(8)。其中包括量子干涉术和光谱学,其相敏度在海森堡极限(9-12),或量子光刻技术在经典衍射极限之外(13)。一般认为(14),在此类方案的光学实现中,低阶干扰效应始终会降低较高粒子数时的整体性能。因此,此类实验仅限于两个光子(15-18)。在这里,我们克服了这一限制,展示了一种基于线性光学的四光子干涉仪。我们观察到干涉条纹的周期为单光子波长的四分之一,证实了四粒子模式纠缠态的存在。我们预计该方案应可扩展到任意光子数,从而有望实现具有纠缠性能的可实现应用。

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