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Tonks-Girardeau gas of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice

机译：光学晶格中超冷原子的Tonks-Girardeau气体

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摘要

Strongly correlated quantum systems are among the most intriguing and fundamental systems in physics. One such example is the Tonks-Girardeau gas(1,2), proposed about 40 years ago, but until now lacking experimental realization; in such a gas, the repulsive interactions between bosonic particles confined to one dimension dominate the physics of the system. In order to minimize their mutual repulsion, the bosons are prevented from occupying the same position in space. This mimics the Pauli exclusion principle for fermions, causing the bosonic particles to exhibit fermionic properties(1,2). However, such bosons do not exhibit completely ideal fermionic ( or bosonic) quantum behaviour; for example, this is reflected in their characteristic momentum distribution(3). Here we report the preparation of a Tonks-Girardeau gas of ultracold rubidium atoms held in a two-dimensional optical lattice formed by two orthogonal standing waves. The addition of a third, shallower lattice potential along the long axis of the quantum gases allows us to enter the Tonks-Girardeau regime by increasing the atoms' effective mass and thereby enhancing the role of interactions. We make a theoretical prediction of the momentum distribution based on an approach in which trapped bosons acquire fermionic properties, finding that it agrees closely with the measured distribution.
机译：高度相关的量子系统是物理学中最引人入胜的基础系统。这样的例子之一是大约40年前提出的Tonks-Girardeau气体（1,2），但直到现在还没有实验实现。在这样的气体中，限制在一个维度上的玻色子粒子之间的排斥相互作用决定着系统的物理学。为了最小化它们的相互排斥，防止了玻色子在空间中占据相同的位置。这模仿了费米对费米子的排斥原理，使玻色子粒子表现出费米离子性质（1,2）。然而，这种玻色子没有表现出完全理想的铁离子（或玻色子）量子行为。例如，这反映在它们的特征动量分布中（3）。在这里，我们报告了由两个正交的驻波形成的二维光学晶格中保存的超冷gas原子的Tonks-Girardeau气体的制备。沿着量子气体的长轴增加了第三个较浅的晶格势，使我们可以通过增加原子的有效质量从而增强相互作用的作用而进入Tonks-Girardeau体制。我们基于捕获的玻色子获得费米离子性质的方法对动量分布进行了理论预测，发现它与测得的分布非常吻合。

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