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Improving on nature

机译:改善自然

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摘要

There is nothing new under the sun, or so we are told. People worry about the artifi-cial and the synthetic, as opposed to the natural; they pay extra for organic food, are concerned about genetic modification, and pontificate about bioethics, stem-cell research and cloning. All these things seem very modern, the fruit of progress in biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics; the oldest example would seem to be Justus Liebig's advocacy of inorganic fertilizers in the hungry 1840s. Not long before that, his friend Friedrich Woehler had synthesized urea, in an attempt to provide evidence for atoms and their rearrangement, rather than to break down the organic/inorganic distinction. Processes and conditions in living organisms are very different from those in test-tubes, however, so although the end product might be the same, he did not replicate the reaction that creates urea in organisms. Human artfulness was still limited; perhaps nature was not after all a laboratory.
机译:阳光下没有新事物,所以我们被告知。人们担心的是人工的和合成的,而不是自然的。他们为有机食品支付额外的费用,关注基因改造,并崇尚生物伦理学,干细胞研究和克隆。所有这些似乎都是非常现代的,是生物化学,分子生物学和遗传学进步的成果。最古老的例子似乎是Justus Liebig在饥饿的1840年代提倡使用无机肥料。不久之前,他的朋友弗里德里希·沃勒(Friedrich Woehler)合成了尿素,目的是提供原子及其重排的证据,而不是破坏有机/无机的区别。活生物体中的过程和条件与试管中的过程和条件有很大不同,因此,尽管最终产品可能相同,但他没有复制在生物体中产生尿素的反应。人类的机智仍然有限;也许自然毕竟不是实验室。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2004年第6989期|p.245-246|共2页
  • 作者

    David Knight;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Philosophy, University of Durham, 50 Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HN, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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