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Global patterns in human consumption of net primary production

机译:人类净初级生产消费的全球格局

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The human population and its consumption profoundly affect the Earth's ecosystems(1,2). A particularly compelling measure of humanity's cumulative impact is the fraction of the planet's net primary production that we appropriate for our own use(3,4). Net primary production-the net amount of solar energy converted to plant organic matter through photosynthesis-can be measured in units of elemental carbon and represents the primary food energy source for the world's ecosystems. Human appropriation of net primary production, apart from leaving less for other species to use, alters the composition of the atmosphere(5), levels of biodiversity(6), energy flows within food webs(7) and the provision of important ecosystem services(8). Here we present a global map showing the amount of net primary production required by humans and compare it to the total amount generated on the landscape. We then derive a spatial balance sheet of net primary production 'supply' and 'demand' for the world. We show that human appropriation of net primary production varies spatially from almost zero to many times the local primary production. These analyses reveal the uneven footprint of human consumption and related environmental impacts, indicate the degree to which human populations depend on net primary production 'imports' and suggest policy options for slowing future growth of human appropriation of net primary production.
机译:人口及其消费深刻影响着地球的生态系统(1,2)。一项特别令人信服的衡量人类累积影响的指标是我们适合自己使用的地球净初级​​生产的比例(3,4)。净初级生产(通过光合作用转化为植物有机物的太阳能净量)可以以元素碳为单位进行衡量,代表了世界生态系统的主要食品能源。人类对净初级生产的拨款,除了留给其他物种使用的机会减少之外,还改变了大气的构成(5),生物多样性的水平(6),食物网内的能量流动(7)和重要的生态系统服务的提供( 8)。在这里,我们展示了一张全球地图,显示了人类所需的净初级生产量,并将其与景观上产生的总量进行了比较。然后,我们得出世界净初级生产的“供应”和“需求”的空间资产负债表。我们表明,人类对净初级生产的拨款在空间上几乎从零变化到本地初级生产的许多倍。这些分析揭示了人类消费的不平衡足迹和相关的环境影响,表明了人口在多大程度上依赖净初级生产的“进口”,并提出了减缓人类对净初级生产的拨款未来增长的政策选择。

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