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Gene regulation and DNA damage in the ageing human brain

机译:人类大脑老化中的基因调控和DNA损伤

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The ageing of the human brain is a cause of cognitive decline in the elderly and the major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease1. The time in life when brain ageing begins is undefined(2-4). Here we show that transcriptional profiling of the human frontal cortex from individuals ranging from 26 to 106 years of age defines a set of genes with reduced expression after age 40. These genes play central roles in synaptic plasticity, vesicular transport and mitochondrial function. This is followed by induction of stress response, antioxidant and DNA repair genes. DNA damage is markedly increased in the promoters of genes with reduced expression in the aged cortex. Moreover, these gene promoters are selectively damaged by oxidative stress in cultured human neurons, and show reduced base-excision DNA repair. Thus, DNA damage may reduce the expression of selectively vulnerable genes involved in learning, memory and neuronal survival, initiating a programme of brain ageing that starts early in adult life.
机译:人脑的衰老是老年人认知能力下降的原因,也是阿尔茨海默氏病的主要危险因素。大脑衰老开始的时间是不确定的(2-4)。在这里,我们显示人类额叶皮层从26岁至106岁的个体的转录概况分析定义了一组40岁后表达降低的基因。这些基因在突触可塑性,水泡运输和线粒体功能中起着核心作用。接下来是诱导应激反应,抗氧化剂和DNA修复基因。在衰老的皮质中表达降低的基因启动子中,DNA损伤明显增加。此外,这些基因启动子在培养的人神经元中被氧化应激选择性破坏,并显示出碱基切除DNA修复的减少。因此,DNA损伤可能会减少参与学习,记忆和神经元存活的选择性脆弱基因的表达,从而启动从成年初期开始的大脑衰老程序。

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