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Adaptive divergence in pigment composition promotes phytoplankton biodiversity

机译：色素成分的适应性差异促进浮游植物的生物多样性

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The dazzling diversity of the phytoplankton has puzzled biologists for decades(1-5). The puzzle has been enlarged rather than solved by the progressive discovery of new phototrophic microorganisms in the oceans, including picocyanobacteria(6,7), pico-eukaryotes(8), and bacteriochlorophyll-based(9-11) and rhodopsin-based phototrophic bacteria(12,13). Physiological and genomic studies suggest that natural selection promotes niche differentiation among these phototrophic microorganisms, particularly with respect to their photosynthetic characteristics(14-16). We have analysed competition for light between two closely related picocyanobacteria of the Synechococcus group that we isolated from the Baltic Sea(17). One of these two has a red colour because it contains the pigment phycoerythrin, whereas the other is blue-green because it contains high contents of the pigment phycocyanin. Here we report theory and competition experiments that reveal stable coexistence of the two picocyanobacteria, owing to partitioning of the light spectrum. Further competition experiments with a third marine cyanobacterium, capable of adapting its pigment composition, show that this species persists by investing in the pigment that absorbs the colour not used by its competitors. These results demonstrate the adaptive significance of divergence in pigment composition of phototrophic microorganisms, which allows an efficient utilization of light energy and favours species coexistence.
机译：几十年来，浮游植物令人眼花diversity乱的多样性困扰着生物学家（1-5）。难题的扩大而不是通过在海洋中逐步发现新的光养微生物而解决，包括微微蓝细菌（6,7），微微真核生物（8），基于细菌叶绿素的（9-11）和基于视紫红质的光养细菌（12,13）。生理和基因组学研究表明，自然选择促进这些光养微生物之间的生态位分化，特别是在其光合特性方面（14-16）。我们分析了从波罗的海中分离出的Synechococcus群的两个紧密相关的微蓝细菌之间的光竞争（17）。这两种中的一种具有红色，因为它包含色素藻红蛋白，而另一种则是蓝绿色，因为它包含高含量的色素藻蓝蛋白。在这里，我们报告的理论和竞争实验表明，由于光谱的划分，这两个微蓝细菌稳定并存。使用能够适应其色素成分的第三种海洋蓝细菌进行的进一步竞争实验表明，该物种通过投资吸收其竞争对手未使用的颜色的色素而得以持续存在。这些结果证明了光养微生物的色素组成差异的适应性意义，这允许有效利用光能并有利于物种共存。

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