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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated dioxins by an anaerobic bacterium
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Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated dioxins by an anaerobic bacterium

机译：厌氧菌对氯化二恶英的还原脱卤作用

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摘要

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs) are among the most notorious environmental pollutants. Some congeners, particularly those with lateral chlorine substitutions at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8, are extremely toxic and carcinogenic to humans. One particularly promising mechanism for the detoxification of PCDDs and PCDFs is microbial reductive dechlorination. So far only a limited number of phylogenetically diverse anaerobic bacteria have been found that couple the reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated compounds―the substitution of a chlorine for a hydrogen atom―to energy conservation and growth in a process called dehalo-respiration. Microbial dechlorination of PCDDs occurs in sediments and anaerobic mixed cultures from sediments, but the responsible organisms have not yet been identified or isolated. Here we show the presence of a Dehalococcoides species in four dioxin-dechlorinating enrichment cultures from a freshwater sediment highly contaminated with PCDDs and PCDFs. We also show that the previously described chlorobenzene-dehalo-respiring bacterium Dehalococcoides sp. strain CBDB1 (ref. 3) is able to reductively dechlorinate selected dioxin congeners. Reductive dechlorination of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD) demonstrates that environmentally significant dioxins are attacked by this bacterium.
机译：多氯联苯对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD和PCDF）是最臭名昭著的环境污染物。一些同类物，特别是那些在2、3、7和8位具有侧向氯取代基的同类物，对人类极具毒性并致癌。 PCDDs和PCDFs解毒的一种特别有希望的机制是微生物还原性脱氯。迄今为止，仅发现了少数种类繁多的厌氧细菌，它们将氯化物的还原性脱卤作用（即用氯代替氢原子）与能量保存和生长过程结合在一起，这种过程称为脱卤呼吸。 PCDDs的微生物脱氯发生在沉积物和来自沉积物的厌氧混合培养物中，但是尚未鉴定或分离出负责的生物。在这里，我们显示了在高度被PCDDs和PCDFs污染的淡水沉积物中，四种二恶英脱氯富集培养物中存在Dehalococcoides物种。我们还显示了先前描述的氯苯-脱卤呼吸细菌Dehalococcoides sp.。 CBDB1菌株（参考文献3）能够对选定的二恶英同类物进行还原脱氯。 1,2,3,7,8-五氯二苯并-对-二恶英（PeCDD）的还原脱氯表明，对环境有害的二恶英受到该细菌的攻击。

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