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Controlling the double helix

机译:控制双螺旋

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摘要

Genes were first shown to be made of DNA only nine years before the structure of DNA was discovered (ref. 1; and see article in this issue by McCarty, page 406). Although revolutionary, the idea that genetic information was protein-free ultimately proved too simple. DNA in organisms with nuclei is in fact coated with at least an equal mass of protein, forming a complex called chromatin, which controls gene activity and the inheritance of traits. 'Higher' organisms, such as yeast and humans, are eukaryotes; that is, they package their DNA inside cells in a separate compartment called the nucleus. In dividing cells, the chromatin complex of DNA and protein can be seen as individual compact chromosomes; in non-dividing cells, chromatin appears to be distributed throughout the nucleus and organized into 'condensed' regions (heterochromatin) and more open 'euchromatin' (see article in this issue by Ball, page 421). In contrast, prokaryotes, such as bacteria, lack nuclei.
机译:在发现DNA结构的九年之前,基因首次被证明是由DNA制成的(参考资料1;请参见McCarty在本期杂志上发表的文章,第406页)。尽管具有革命性意义,但最终证明遗传信息不含蛋白质的想法过于简单。实际上,具有核的生物中的DNA至少被等量的蛋白质包被,形成称为染色质的复合物,该复合物控制基因活性和性状的遗传。真核生物是“高级”生物,例如酵母和人类。也就是说,他们将DNA封装在称为核的独立隔室内。在分裂的细胞中,DNA和蛋白质的染色质复合物可以看作是单个紧凑的染色体。在非分裂细胞中,染色质似乎分布在整个细胞核中,并组织成“浓缩”区域(异染色质)和更开放的“常染色质”(请参阅​​本期Ball的文章,第421页)。相反,诸如细菌的原核生物缺乏核。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2003年第6921期|p.448-453|共6页
  • 作者

    Gary Felsenfeld; Mark Groudine;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 5, Room 212, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0540, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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