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Genetics and the making of Homo sapiens [Review]

机译:遗传与智人的制备[综述]

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摘要

Understanding the genetic basis of the physical and behavioural traits that distinguish humans from other primates presents one of the great new challenges in biology. Of the millions of base-pair differences between humans and chimpanzees, which particular changes contributed to the evolution of human features after the separation of the Pan and Homo lineages 5-7 million years ago? How can we identify the 'smoking guns' of human genetic evolution from neutral ticks of the molecular evolutionary clock? The magnitude and rate of morphological evolution in hominids suggests that many independent and incremental developmental changes have occurred that, on the basis of recent findings in model animals, are expected to be polygenic and regulatory in nature. Comparative genomics, population genetics, gene-expression analyses and medical genetics have begun to make complementary inroads into the complex genetic architecture of human evolution. [References: 92]
机译:了解将人类与其他灵长类区分开的生理和行为特征的遗传基础,是生物学面临的重大新挑战之一。在人类和黑猩猩之间数百万个碱基对的差异中,在5-7百万年前的Pan和Homo世系分离后,哪些特别的变化有助于人类特征的进化?我们如何从分子进化时钟的中性滴答中识别出人类基因进化的“烟枪”?人类的形态进化的幅度和速度表明,根据模型动物的最新发现,已经发生了许多独立的和增量的发育变化,这些变化预期是自然的多基因的和可调节的。比较基因组学,种群遗传学,基因表达分析和医学遗传学已开始互补地侵入人类进化的复杂遗传结构。 [参考:92]

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