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Experimental detection of α-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth

机译：从天然铋的放射性衰变实验检测α粒子

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摘要

The only naturally occurring isotope of bismuth, ~(209)Bi, is commonly regarded as the heaviest stable isotope. But like most other heavy nuclei abundant in nature and characterized by an exceptionally long lifetime, it is metastable with respect to α-decay. However, the decay usually evades observation because the nuclear structure of ~(209)Bi gives rise to an extremely low decay probability and, moreover, generates low-energy α-particles difficult to detect. Indeed, dedicated experiments attempting to record the α-decay of ~(209)Bi in nuclear emulsions failed. However, scintillating bolometers operated at temperatures below 100 mK offer improved detection efficiency and sensitivity, whereas a broad palette of targets could be available. Here we report the successful use of this method for the unambiguous detection of ~(209)Bi α-decay in bismuth germanate detectors cooled to 20 mK. We measure an energy release of 3,137 +- 1 (statistical) +- 2 (systematic) keV and a half-life of (1.9 +- 0.2) X 10~(19)yr, which are in agreement with expected values.
机译：铋的唯一自然同位素是〜（209）Bi，通常被认为是最重的稳定同位素。但是，与其他大多数自然界丰富且寿命长的重核一样，它对α衰变是亚稳态的。然而，这种衰变通常避开了观测，因为〜（209）Bi的核结构会导致极低的衰变几率，而且还会生成难以检测的低能α粒子。确实，尝试记录核乳液中〜（209）Bi的α衰变的专门实验失败了。但是，在低于100 mK的温度下运行的闪烁辐射热计可提供更高的检测效率和灵敏度，而可以使用多种靶标。在这里，我们报告成功地使用该方法对冷却至20 mK的锗酸铋探测器中的〜（209）Biα衰变进行了明确检测。我们测得的能量释放为3,137 +1（统计）+/- 2（系统）keV，半衰期为（1.9 +-0.2）X 10〜（19）yr，与预期值一致。

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