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Chaos-assisted capture of irregular moons

机译：混沌辅助捕获不规则卫星

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It has been thought(1-3) that the capture of irregular moons - with non-circular orbits - by giant planets occurs by a process in which they are first temporarily trapped by gravity inside the planet's Hill sphere ( the region where planetary gravity dominates over solar tides(4)). The capture of the moons is then made permanent by dissipative energy loss ( for example, gas drag(3)) or planetary growth(2). But the observed distributions of orbital inclinations, which now include numerous newly discovered moons(5-8), cannot be explained using current models. Here we show that irregular satellites are captured in a thin spatial region where orbits are chaotic(9), and that the resulting orbit is either prograde or retrograde depending on the initial energy. Dissipation then switches these long-lived chaotic orbits(10) into nearby regular (non-chaotic) zones from which escape is impossible. The chaotic layer therefore dictates the final inclinations of the captured moons. We confirm this with three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations that include nebular drag(3,4,11), and find good agreement with the observed inclination distributions of irregular moons at Jupiter(7) and Saturn(8). In particular, Saturn has more prograde irregular moons than Jupiter, which we can explain as a result of the chaotic prograde progenitors being more efficiently swept away from Jupiter by its galilean moons. [References: 30]
机译：曾经有人认为（1-3）巨型行星捕获不规则卫星-具有非圆形轨道-是通过以下过程进行的：首先，它们被重力暂时束缚在行星的Hill球（行星重力占主导的区域）内在太阳潮中（4））。然后，通过耗散的能量损失（例如，瓦斯阻力（3）或行星生长（2））使对卫星的捕获永久化。但是，目前的模型无法解释观测到的轨道倾角分布，其中包括许多新发现的卫星（5-8）。在这里，我们显示出不规则卫星是在一个稀薄的空间区域中捕获的，在该区域中，轨道是混乱的（9），并且根据初始能量的不同，产生的轨道是顺行还是逆行。然后，耗散将这些长寿命的混沌轨道（10）切换到附近的常规（非混沌）区域，无法从该区域逃脱。因此，混沌层决定了所捕获卫星的最终倾斜度。我们用三维蒙特卡罗模拟（包括星云阻力（3,4,11））证实了这一点，并与在木星（7）和土星（8）处观察到的不规则卫星的倾斜分布发现了很好的一致性。尤其是，土星的不规则卫星比木星更高级，这可以解释，这是由于混乱的前代祖先更容易被盖利卫星从木星上扫走。 [参考：30]

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