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No upward trends in the occurrence of extreme floods in central Europe

机译:中欧发生特大洪灾没有上升趋势

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摘要

Extreme river floods have been a substantial natural hazard in Europe over the past centuries, and radiative effects of recent anthropogenic changes in atmospheric composition are expected to cause climate changes, especially enhancement of the hydro-logical cycle, leading to an increased flood risk. For the past few decades, however, observations from Europe do not show a clear increase in flood occurrence rate. Here we present longer-term records of winter and summer floods in two of the largest rivers in central Europe, the Elbe and Oder rivers. For the past 80 to 150yr, we find a decrease in winter flood occurrence in both rivers, while summer floods show no trend, consistent with trends in extreme precipitation occurrence. The reduction in winter flood occurrence can partly be attributed to fewer events of strong freezing―following such events, breaking river ice at the end of the winter may function as a water barrier and enhance floods severely. Additionally, we detect significant long-term changes in flood occurrence rates in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, and conclude that reductions in river length, construction of reservoirs and deforestation have had minor effects on flood frequency.
机译:在过去的几个世纪中,极端的河流洪灾一直是欧洲的重大自然灾害,近期人类活动造成的大气成分变化的辐射效应有望引起气候变化,特别是水文循环的加剧,从而导致洪灾风险增加。然而,在过去的几十年中,欧洲的观察结果并未显示洪水发生率明显增加。在这里,我们提供了中欧两条最大的河流易北河和奥德河的冬季和夏季洪水的长期记录。在过去的80至150年中,我们发现两条河流的冬季洪水发生率都有所减少,而夏季洪水则没有任何趋势,与极端降水发生的趋势一致。冬季洪水发生率的下降部分归因于强冻事件的减少-在此类事件之后,冬季结束时打破河冰可能起到了水屏障的作用,并严重加剧了洪水。此外,我们发现了16至19世纪洪水发生率的长期长期变化,并得出结论,河流长度的减少,水库的建设和森林砍伐对洪水频率的影响较小。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2003年第6954期|p.166-169|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth Sciences;

    Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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