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Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language

机译：在睡眠中巩固口语的知觉学习

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Memory consolidation resulting from sleep has been seen broadly: in verbal list learning(1), spatial learning(2,3), and skill acquisition in visual(4-8) and motor(9-11) tasks. These tasks do not generalize across spatial locations or motor sequences, or to different stimuli in the same location(5,11,12). Although episodic rote learning constitutes a large part of any organism's learning, generalization is a hallmark of adaptive behaviour(13). In speech, the same phoneme often has different acoustic patterns depending on context. Training on a small set of words improves performance on novel words using the same phonemes but with different acoustic patterns, demonstrating perceptual generalization(14). Here we show a role of sleep in the consolidation of a naturalistic spoken-language learning task that produces generalization of phonological categories across different acoustic patterns. Recognition performance immediately after training showed a significant improvement that subsequently degraded over the span of a day's retention interval, but completely recovered following sleep. Thus, sleep facilitates the recovery and subsequent retention of material learned opportunistically at any time throughout the day. Performance recovery indicates that representations and mappings associated with generalization are refined and stabilized during sleep. [References: 24]
机译：睡眠导致的记忆巩固已被广泛观察：在口头学习（1），空间学习（2,3）以及视觉（4-8）和运动（9-11）任务中获得技能。这些任务不会遍历空间位置或运动序列，也不会推广到同一位置的不同刺激（5,11,12）。尽管情节式死记硬背学习构成了任何生物学习的很大一部分，但泛化是适应性行为的标志（13）。在语音中，根据上下文，同一音素通常具有不同的声音模式。使用相同的音素但使用不同的声音模式，对一小部分单词进行训练可以提高新单词的性能，这表明了感知概括（14）。在这里，我们展示了睡眠在自然主义口语学习任务的巩固中的作用，该任务会产生跨不同声学模式的语音类别的概括。训练后立即的识别性能显示出显着改善，随后在一天的保留间隔内下降，但在睡眠后完全恢复。因此，睡眠促进了一天中任何时候机会性学习的物质的恢复和随后的保留。性能恢复表明与泛化相关的表示和映射在睡眠期间得到了完善和稳定。 [参考：24]

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