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Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite

机译:榴辉岩部分熔融使早期大陆壳生长

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The tectonic setting in which the first continental crust formed, and the extent to which modern processes of arc magmatism at convergent plate margins were operative on the early Earth, are matters of debate(1,2). Geochemical studies have shown that felsic rocks in both Archaean high-grade metamorphic ('grey gneiss') and low-grade granite-greenstone terranes are comprised dominantly of sodium-rich granitoids of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite of rocks(3-7). Here we present direct experimental evidence showing that partial melting of hydrous basalt in the eclogite facies produces granitoid liquids with major- and trace-element compositions equivalent to Archaean TTG, including the low Nb/Ta and high Zr/Sm ratios of 'average' Archaean TTG(8), but from a source with initially subchondritic Nb/Ta. In modern environments, basalts with low Nb/Ta form by partial melting of subduction-modified depleted mantle(9,10), notably in intraoceanic arc settings in the forearc(11,12) and backarc(13,14) regimes. These observations suggest that TTG magmatism may have taken place beneath granite-greenstone complexes developing along Archaean intraoceanic island arcs by imbricate thrust-stacking(15) and tectonic accretion(16) of a diversity of subduction-related terranes. Partial melting accompanying dehydration of these generally basaltic source materials at the base of thickened, 'arc-like' crust would produce compositionally appropriate TTG granitoids in equilibrium with eclogite residues. [References: 31]
机译:早期地球形成的构造环境,以及在收敛的板块边缘现代弧岩浆作用在何种程度上在地球早期起作用,是有争议的(1,2)。地球化学研究表明,古生质高变质岩(``灰色片麻岩'')和低品位花岗岩-绿岩地层中的长英质岩石主要由斜长石-长白云母-碎屑闪长岩(TTG)套件中的富钠花岗岩组成( 3-7)。在这里,我们提供了直接的实验证据,表明榴辉岩相中含水玄武岩的部分熔融会产生花岗岩状液体,其主要和微量元素组成与古细菌TTG相当,包括“平均”古细菌的低Nb / Ta和高Zr / Sm比。 TTG(8),但来源最初是软骨下的Nb / Ta。在现代环境中,低Nb / Ta的玄武岩是通过俯冲修饰的贫化地幔(9,10)的部分熔融而形成的,特别是在前臂(11,12)和后弧(13,14)体制的洋内弧形环境中。这些观察结果表明,TTG岩浆作用可能发生在古生代洋内岛弧沿花岗岩-绿岩复合体的下方,这是通过俯冲叠加(15)和俯冲相关地层的构造增生(16)而发生的。这些通常为玄武质的原料在增稠的“弧状”地壳的底部脱水而发生的部分熔化将产生与榴辉岩残留物平衡的,结构上合适的TTG花岗岩。 [参考:31]

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