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Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling [Review]

机译:TGF-beta家族信号传导中的依赖于Smad和Smad的途径[综述]

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摘要

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) proteins regulate cell function, and have key roles in development and carcinogenesis. The intracellular effectors of TGF-beta signalling, the Smad proteins, are activated by receptors and translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate transcription. Although this pathway is inherently simple, combinatorial interactions in the heteromeric receptor and Smad complexes, receptor-interacting and Smad-interacting proteins, and cooperation with sequence-specific transcription factors allow substantial versatility and diversification of TGF-beta family responses. Other signalling pathways further regulate Smad activation and function. In addition, TGF-beta receptors activate Smad-independent pathways that not only regulate Smad signalling, but also allow Smad-independent TGF-beta responses. [References: 101]
机译:转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)蛋白调节细胞功能,并在发育和致癌作用中起关键作用。 TGF-β信号转导的细胞内效应子Smad蛋白被受体激活并转移到细胞核中,在细胞核中调节转录。尽管此途径本质上很简单,但异聚受体和Smad络合物,受体相互作用和Smad相互作用蛋白中的组合相互作用以及与序列特异性转录因子的协同作用使TGF-beta家族应答具有相当大的通用性和多样性。其他信号传导途径进一步调节Smad激活和功能。另外,TGF-β受体激活不依赖Smad的途径,该途径不仅调节Smad信号传导,而且还允许不依赖Smad的TGF-β反应。 [参考:101]

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