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Unravelling a heavenly mystery

机译：揭开天堂之谜

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摘要

The revolution that has transformed γ-ray bursts (GRBs) from an obscure riddle into one of the hottest topics in astrophysics is only a few years old. Discovered in the late 1960s, GRBs are intense flashes of γ-rays that appear suddenly in the sky, about once a day, from random and unpredictable directions. They typically last for a few seconds and then vanish below the detection threshold of γ-ray instruments. The limited ability of these detectors to identify exactly where in the sky the bursts were occurring meant that it was not until 1997 that GRBs were linked to events occurring at any other wavelengths and their distance scale was calculated. Measurements made by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) onboard the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, launched in 1991, showed that GRBs were scattered across the sky, with no significant clustering in any direction. This suggested only two plausible explanations: that GRBs were produced by a previously unknown population of neutron stars in the halo of our Galaxy (a galactic origin) or that they were a result of extremely powerful stellar explosions in distant galaxies (a cosmological origin).
机译：将γ射线爆发（GRB）从一个晦涩的谜语转变为天体物理学中最热门话题之一的革命只有几年的历史。 GRB是在1960年代后期发现的，是强烈的γ射线闪光，大约每天一次，从随机且无法预测的方向突然出现在天空中。它们通常持续几秒钟，然后消失在γ射线仪器的检测阈值以下。这些探测器无法准确识别天空中爆发的位置的能力有限，这意味着直到1997年GRB才与在任何其他波长下发生的事件相关联，并计算了它们的距离尺度。 1991年在康普顿伽玛射线天文台上进行的爆裂和瞬态源实验（BATSE）进行的测量表明，GRB散布在天空中，在任何方向上都没有明显的聚类。这仅提出了两个合理的解释：GRB是由我们银河系晕圈中一个先前未知的中子星群产生的（银河系起源），或它们是遥远星系中极强的恒星爆炸（宇宙起源）的结果。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2002年第6895期|p.276-277|共2页
  • 作者

    Luigi Piro;

  • 作者单位

    Istituto Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Via Fosso Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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