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Are lemmings prey or predators?

机译：旅鼠是猎物还是天敌？

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摘要

Large oscillations in the populations of Norwegian lemmings have mystified both professional ecologists and lay public. Ecologists suspect that these oscillations are driven by a trophic mechanism: either an interaction between lemmings and their food supply, or an interaction between lemmings and their predators. If lemming cycles are indeed driven by a trophic interaction, can we tell whether lemmings act as the resource ('prey') or the consumer ('predator')? In trophic interaction models, peaks of resource density generally have a blunt, rounded shape, whereas peaks of consumer density are sharp and angular. Here we have applied several statistical tests to three lemming datasets and contrasted them with comparable data for cyclic voles. We find that vole peaks are blunt, consistent with their cycles being driven by the interaction with predators. In contrast, the shape of lemming peaks is consistent with the hypothesis that lemmings are functional predators, that is, their cycles are driven by their interaction with food plants. Our findings suggest that a single mechanism, such as interaction between rodents and predators, is unlikely to provide the 'universal' explanation of all cyclic rodent dynamics.
机译：挪威旅鼠的数量激增使专业生态学家和公众都感到困惑。生态学家怀疑这些振荡是由营养机制引起的：要么是旅鼠与其食物供应之间的相互作用，要么是旅鼠与其捕食者之间的相互作用。如果引诱循环确实是由营养相互作用驱动的，我们能否确定引诱是充当资源（“猎物”）还是消费者（“捕食者”）的作用？在营养相互作用模型中，资源密度的峰值通常具有钝的圆形形状，而消费者密度的峰值则是尖锐的和成角度的。在这里，我们对三个旅鼠数据集应用了几种统计检验，并将它们与循环田鼠的可比较数据进行了对比。我们发现田鼠峰比较钝，这与它们与捕食者的相互作用所驱动的周期一致。相反，旅鼠峰的形状与旅鼠是功能性天敌的假说是一致的，也就是说，旅鼠的周期是由它们与食用植物的相互作用驱动的。我们的发现表明，单一的机制，例如啮齿动物和天敌之间的相互作用，不太可能提供所有周期性啮齿动物动力学的“通用”解释。

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