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The plastic deformation of iron at pressures of the Earth's inner core

机译：铁在地球内芯压力下的塑性变形

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Soon after the discovery of seismic anisotropy in the Earth's inner core, it was suggested that crystal alignment attained during deformation might be responsible. Since then, several other mechanisms have been proposed to account for the observed anisotropy, but the lack of deformation experiments performed at the extreme pressure conditions corresponding to the solid inner core has limited our ability to determine which deformation mechanism applies to this region of the Earth. Here we determine directly the elastic and plastic deformation mechanism of iron at pressures of the Earth's core, from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements of iron, under imposed axial stress, in diamond-anvil cells. The ε-iron (hexagonally close packed) crystals display strong preferred orientation, with c-axes parallel to the axis of the diamond-anvil cell. Polycrystal plasticity theory predicts an alignment of c-axes parallel to the compression direction as a result of basal slip, if basal slip is either the primary or a secondary slip system. The experiments provide direct observations of deformation mechanisms that occur in the Earth's inner core, and introduce a method for investigating, within the laboratory, the rheology of materials at extreme pressures.
机译：在发现地球内核的地震各向异性之后不久，有人认为在变形过程中获得的晶体取向可能是造成这种现象的原因。从那时起，已经提出了其他几种机制来解释观测到的各向异性，但是缺乏在对应于固体内核的极端压力条件下进行的变形实验，限制了我们确定哪种变形机制适用于地球这一区域的能力。 。在这里，我们通过在金刚石-铁砧单元中施加的轴向应力下铁的同步加速器X射线衍射测量，直接确定铁在地心压力下的弹性和塑性变形机制。 ε-铁（六角密堆积）晶体显示出强烈的首选方向，其c轴平行于金刚石-砧室的轴。如果基底滑动是主要滑动系统或次要滑动系统，则多晶可塑性理论预测由于基底滑动导致c轴平行于压缩方向。实验直接观察了地球内部核心中发生的变形机制，并介绍了一种在实验室内研究极端压力下材料流变性的方法。

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