Amplifying quantum signals with the single-electron transistor

Michel H. Devoret; Robert J. Schoelkopf

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Amplifying quantum signals with the single-electron transistor

机译：用单电子晶体管放大量子信号

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Transistors have continuously reduced in size and increased in switching speed since their invention in 1947. The exponential pace of transistor evolution has led to a revolution in information acquisition, processing and communication technologies. And reigning over most digital applications is a single device structure — the field-effect transistor (FET). But as device dimensions approach the nanometre scale, quantum effects become increasingly important for device operation, and conceptually new transistor structures may need to be adopted. A notable example of such a structure is the single-electron transistor, or SET. Although it is unlikely that SETs will replace FETs in conventional electronics, they should prove useful in ultra-low-noise analog applications. Moreover, because it is not affected by the same technological limitations as the FET, the SET can approach closely the quantum limit of sensitivity. It might also be a useful read-out device for a solid-state quantum computer.

机译：自从1947年发明晶体管以来，晶体管的尺寸一直在不断缩小，开关速度也在不断提高。晶体管发展的指数级步伐引发了信息获取，处理和通信技术的一场革命。控制大多数数字应用的是单个器件结构-场效应晶体管（FET）。但是随着器件尺寸接近纳米级，量子效应对于器件操作变得越来越重要，并且在概念上可能需要采用新的晶体管结构。这种结构的显着示例是单电子晶体管或SET。尽管SET不太可能取代传统电子产品中的FET，但它们应被证明在超低噪声模拟应用中很有用。而且，由于它不受与FET相同的技术限制的影响，因此SET可以接近灵敏度的量子极限。对于固态量子计算机，它可能也是有用的读出设备。

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《Nature》 |2000年第6799期|p.1039-1046|共8页
作者
Michel H. Devoret; Robert J. Schoelkopf;
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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学总论;
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Amplifying quantum signals with the single-electron transistor

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