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Unicellular C_4 photosynthesis in a marine diatom

机译:海洋硅藻中单细胞C_4的光合作用

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Nearly 50 years ago, inorganic carbon was shown to be fixed in microalgae as the C_3 compound phosphoglyceric acid. The enzyme responsible for C_3 carbon fixation, ribulose-1,5-bisphos-phate carboxylase (Rubisco), however, requires inorganic carbon in the form of CO_2 (ref. 2), and Rubisco enzymes from diatoms have half-saturation constants for CO_2 of 30-60 μM (ref. 3). As a result, diatoms growing in seawater that contains about 10 μM CO_2 may be CO_2 limited. Kinetic and growth studies have shown that diatoms can avoid CO_2 limitation, but the biochemistry of the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Here we present evidence that C_4 photosynthesis supports carbon assimilation in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, thus providing a biochemical explanation for CO_2-insensitive photosynthesis in marine diatoms. If C_4 photosynthesis is common among marine diatoms, it may account for a significant portion of carbon fixation and export in the ocean, and would explain the greater enrichment of ~(13)C in diatoms compared with other classes of phytoplankton. Unicellular C_4 carbon assimilation may have predated the appearance of multicellular C_4 plants.
机译:将近50年前,无机碳已显示出固定在微藻中的C_3化合物磷酸甘油酸。然而,负责C_3碳固定的酶核糖-1,5-双磷酸磷酸盐羧化酶(Rubisco)需要以CO_2形式存在的无机碳(参考文献2),硅藻的Rubisco酶对CO_2具有半饱和常数。 30-60μM(参考3)。结果,在包含约10μMCO_2的海水中生长的硅藻可能受到CO_2的限制。动力学和生长研究表明,硅藻可以避免CO_2的局限性,但其潜在机理的生物化学仍然未知。在这里,我们提供证据表明C_4光合作用支持海洋硅藻Thalassiosira weissflogii中的碳同化作用,从而为海洋硅藻对CO_2不敏感的光合作用提供了生化解释。如果C_4光合作用在海洋硅藻中很普遍,那么它可能占了海洋中碳固定和出口的重要部分,并且可以解释与其他种类的浮游植物相比,硅藻中〜(13)C的富集程度更大。单细胞C_4碳同化作用可能早于多细胞C_4植物的出现。

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