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Kondo physics in carbon nanotubes

机译：碳纳米管中的近藤物理学

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摘要

The connection of electrical leads to wire-like molecules is a logical step in the development of molecular electronics, but also allows studies of fundamental physics. For example, metallic carbon nanotubes are quantum wires that have been found to act as one-dimensional quantum dots, Luttinger liquids, proximity-induced superconductors and ballistic and diffusive one-dimensional metals. Here we report that electrically contacted single-walled carbon nanotubes can serve as powerful probes of Kondo physics, demonstrating the universality of the Kondo effect. Arising in the prototypical case from the interaction between a localized impurity magnetic moment and delocalized electrons in a metallic host, the Kondo effect has been used to explain enhanced low-temperature scattering from magnetic impurities in metals, and also occurs in transport through semiconductor quantum dots. The far greater tunability of dots (in our case, nanotubes) compared with atomic impurities renders new classes of Kondo-like effects accessible. Our nanotube devices differ from previous systems in which Kondo effects have been observed, in that they are one-dimensional quantum dots with three-dimensional metal (gold) reservoirs. This allows us to observe Kondo resonances for very large electron numbers (N) in the dot, and approaching the unitary limit (where the transmission reaches its maximum possible value). Moreover, we detect a previously unobserved Kondo effect, occurring for even values of N in a magnetic field.
机译：电导线与线状分子的连接是分子电子学发展的必然步骤，但也可以用于基础物理学的研究。例如，金属碳纳米管是量子线，已被发现可以充当一维量子点，卢廷格液体，邻近感应超导体以及弹道和扩散一维金属。在这里，我们报告电接触的单壁碳纳米管可以作为近藤物理学的有力探针，证明了近藤效应的普遍性。在典型情况下，由于金属主体中的局部杂质磁矩和离域电子之间的相互作用而产生的近藤效应已被用来解释金属中磁性杂质的增强的低温散射，并且还发生在通过半导体量子点的传输中。与原子杂质相比，点（在我们的例子中是纳米管）具有更大的可调谐性，这使得可以获得新型的近藤类效应。我们的纳米管器件与之前已观察到近藤效应的系统不同，它们是具有三维金属（金）储层的一维量子点。这使我们能够观察到点中非常大的电子数（N）的近藤共振，并接近单一极限（透射率达到其最大可能值）。此外，我们检测到一个以前未观察到的近藤效应，该效应对于磁场中N的偶数发生。

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