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Fine-scale genetic structuring on Manacus manacus leks

机译：Manacus manacus leks的精细遗传结构

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Leks have traditionally been considered as arenas where males compete to attract females and secure matings. Thus, direct fitness benefits mediated through competition between males to fertilize females have been considered to be the primary force driving the evolution of lekking behaviour. Inclusive fitness benefits mediated through kin selection may also be involved in lek formation and evolution, but to date this theory has been largely ignored. According to kin-selection theory, both reproducing and non-reproducing males may gain indirect inclusive fitness benefits. If females are attracted to larger leks, non-reproducing males add attractiveness to a lek, and therefore, in a genetically structured population, boost the reproductive success of kin. Theory predicts that the attractiveness of leks is plastic, and that males establish themselves on a lek in which the top male, in terms of reproductive success, is a close relative. Here we show that in white-bearded manakins (Manacus manacus), for which larger leks are more attractive to females and so secure the maximum number of matings, there is extraordinary fine-scale genetic structure, with leks being composed of clusters of related kin. We propose that males establish themselves where they find relatives to such an extent that they form groups within leks, and that such behaviour is consistent with kin-selection theory to maximize reproductive success of the group.
机译：传统上，韭菜被认为是雄性竞争吸引雌性并确保交配的场所。因此，通过男性之间的竞争来使女性受精而介导的直接健身收益被认为是驱动性行为发展的主要力量。通过亲属选择介导的包容性健身益处也可能与韭菜的形成和进化有关，但迄今为止，该理论已被很大程度上忽略。根据亲属选择理论，生殖和非生殖男性均可获得间接的包容性健身益处。如果雌性被更多的韭菜吸引，则非繁殖性雄性会增加韭菜的吸引力，因此，在具有遗传结构的种群中，可以促进亲属的繁殖成功。理论预测，韭菜的吸引力是可塑性的，而雄性则建立在韭菜上，在生殖成功方面，顶级雄性是近亲。在这里，我们表明，在白胡子的山雀（Manacus manacus）中，较大的韭菜对雌性更具吸引力，因此可以确保最大数量的交配，因此存在异常精细的遗传结构，其中韭菜由相关亲戚簇组成。我们建议男性建立自己的地方以找到亲戚，以使他们在韭菜中形成群体，并且这种行为与亲属选择理论相一致，以最大程度地实现群体的繁殖成功。

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