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The metabolite dimethylsulfoxonium propionate extends the marine organosulfur cycle

机译：代谢物丙酸二甲基亚砜鎓延长了海洋有机硫的循环

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Algae produce massive amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which fuel the organosulfur cycle(1,2). On a global scale, several petagrams of this sulfur species are produced annually, thereby driving fundamental processes and the marine food web(1)(.) An important DMSP transformation product is dimethylsulfide, which can be either emitted to the atmospher(3,4) or oxidized to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and other products(5). Here we report the discovery of a structurally unusual metabolite, dimethylsulfoxonium propionate (DMSOP), that is synthesized by several DMSP-producing microalgae and marine bacteria. As with DMSP, DMSOP is a low-molecular-weight zwitterionic metabolite that carries both a positively and a negatively charged functional group. Isotope labelling studies demonstrate that DMSOP is produced from DMSP, and is readily metabolized to DMSO by marine bacteria. DMSOP was found in near nanomolar amounts in field samples and in algal culture media, and thus represents-to our knowledge-a previously undescribed biogenic source for DMSO in the marine environment. The estimated annual oceanic production of oxidized sulfur from this pathway is in the teragram range, similar to the calculated dimethylsulfide flux to the atmosphere(3). This sulfoxonium metabolite is therefore a key metabolite of a previously undescribed pathway in the marine sulfur cycle. These findings highlight the importance of DMSOP in the marine organosulfur cycle.
机译：藻类会产生大量的二甲基磺丙酸二甲酯（DMSP），从而推动了有机硫循环（1,2）。在全球范围内，这种硫物质的年产量为几千万克，从而推动了基本过程和海洋食物网（1）（。）DMSP的重要转化产物是二甲基硫醚，它可以排放到大气中（3,4 ）或氧化为二甲亚砜（DMSO）和其他产物（5）。在这里，我们报告发现了一种结构异常的代谢产物丙二酸二甲亚砜（DMSOP），它是由几种产生DMSP的微藻类和海洋细菌合成的。与DMSP一样，DMSOP是一种低分子量两性离子代谢产物，既带有带正电荷的基团，也带有带负电荷的官能团。同位素标记研究表明DMSOP由DMSP产生，并易于被海洋细菌代谢为DMSO。在田间样品和藻类培养基中发现了近纳摩尔量的DMSOP，因此，据我们所知，它代表了海洋环境中DMSO以前未描述的生物来源。据估计，通过该途径产生的氧化硫的年海洋生产量处于太克级范围内，类似于计算得出的向大气中的二甲基硫通量（3）。因此，这种硫代氧鎓代谢物是海洋硫循环中先前未描述的途径的关键代谢物。这些发现凸显了DMSOP在海洋有机硫循环中的重要性。

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