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Genomes of Asgard archaea encode profilins that regulate actin

机译：Asgard古细菌的基因组编码调节肌动蛋白的蛋白

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The origin of the eukaryotic cell is unresolved(1,2). Metagenomics sequencing has recently identified several potential eukaryotic gene homologues in Asgard archaea(3,4), consistent with the hypothesis that the eukaryotic cell evolved from within the Archaea domain. However, many of these eukaryotic-like sequences are highly divergent and the organisms have yet to be imaged or cultivated, which brings into question the extent to which these archaeal proteins represent functional equivalents of their eukaryotic counterparts. Here we show that Asgard archaea encode functional profilins and thereby establish that this archaeal superphylum has a regulated actin cytoskeleton, one of the hallmarks of the eukaryotic cell(5). Loki profilin-1, Loki profilin-2 and Odin profilin adopt the typical profilin fold and are able to interact with rabbit actin-an interaction that involves proteins from species that diverged more than 1.2 billion years ago(6). Biochemical experiments reveal that mammalian actin polymerizes in the presence of Asgard profilins; however, Loki, Odin and Heimdall profilins impede pointed-end elongation. These archaeal profilins also retard the spontaneous nucleation of actin filaments, an effect that is reduced in the presence of phospholipids. Asgard profilins do not interact with polyproline motifs and the profilin-polyproline interaction therefore probably evolved later in the Eukarya lineage. These results suggest that Asgard archaea possess a primordial, polar, profilin-regulated actin system, which may be localized to membranes owing to the sensitivity of Asgard profilins to phospholipids. Because Asgard archaea are also predicted to encode potential eukaryotic-like genes involved in membrane-trafficking and endocytosis(3,4), imaging is now necessary to elucidate whether these organisms are capable of generating eukaryotic-like membrane dynamics that are regulated by actin, such as are observed in eukaryotic cell movement, podosomes and endocytosis.
机译：真核细胞的起源尚未解决（1,2）。元基因组测序最近在Asgard古细菌中鉴定出了几种潜在的真核基因同源物（3,4），这与真核细胞从古细菌域内进化的假说相符。然而，这些真核生物样序列中的许多序列高度趋异，并且尚未对其进行成像或培养，这使这些古细菌蛋白代表其真核对等体的功能等同物的程度受到质疑。在这里，我们显示了Asgard古细菌编码功能性蛋白纤溶酶，从而确定该古细菌超纲具有受调节的肌动蛋白细胞骨架，这是真核细胞的标志之一（5）。 Loki profilin-1，Loki profilin-2和Odin profilin具有典型的profilin折叠，并能够与兔肌动蛋白相互作用-这种相互作用涉及距今12亿多年前的物种的蛋白质（6）。生化实验表明，哺乳动物肌动蛋白在Asgard profilins存在下发生聚合。但是，Loki，Odin和Heimdall的蛋白类似物会阻碍尖端伸长。这些古细菌的纤溶蛋白也阻碍了肌动蛋白丝的自发成核，这种作用在磷脂的存在下减弱了。 Asgard profilins不与多脯氨酸基序相互作用，因此profilin-polyproline相互作用可能在Eukarya谱系中后来发展。这些结果表明，Asgard古细菌具有原始的，极性的，由profilin调节的肌动蛋白系统，由于Asgard profilins对磷脂的敏感性，其可能位于膜上。由于还预测了Asgard古细菌会编码参与膜贩运和内吞作用的潜在真核生物样基因（3,4），因此现在有必要通过成像来阐明这些生物体是否能够产生由肌动蛋白调节的真核生物样膜动力学，如在真核细胞运动，足小体和胞吞中观察到的。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2018年第7727期|439-443|共5页
  • 作者

    Akil Caner; Robinson Robert C.;

  • 作者单位

    ASTAR, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Singapore, Singapore;

    ASTAR, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Singapore, Singapore;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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