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Fast inflows as the adjacent fuel of supermassive black hole accretion disks in quasars

机译：类星体中超大质量黑洞吸积盘的邻近燃料快速流入

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摘要

Quasars, which are exceptionally bright objects at the centres (or nuclei) of galaxies, are thought to be produced through the accretion of gas into disks surrounding supermassive black holes(1-3). There is observational evidence at galactic and circumnuclear scales(4) that gas flows inwards towards accretion disks around black holes, and such an inflow has been measured at the scale of the dusty torus that surrounds the central accretion disk(5). At even smaller scales, inflows close to an accretion disk have been suggested to explain the results of recent modelling of the response of gaseous broad emission lines to continuum variations(6,7). However, unambiguous observations of inflows that actually reach accretion disks have been elusive. Here we report the detection of redshifted broad absorption lines of hydrogen and helium atoms in a sample of quasars. The lines show broad ranges of Doppler velocities that extend continuously from zero to redshifts as high as about 5,000 kilometres per second. We interpret this as the inward motion of gases at velocities comparable to freefall speeds close to the black hole, constraining the fastest infalling gas to within 10,000 gravitational radii of the black hole (the gravitational radius being the gravitational constant multiplied by the object mass, divided by the speed of light squared). Extensive photoionization modelling yields a characteristic radial distance of the inflow of approximately 1,000 gravitational radii, possibly overlapping with the outer accretion disk.
机译：类星体是星系中心（或原子核）上异常明亮的物体，被认为是通过将气体积聚到围绕超大质量黑洞的圆盘中而产生的（1-3）。在银河系和环核尺度上有观测证据（4），气体向内流向黑洞周围的吸积盘，并且这种流入已在围绕中央吸积盘（5）的尘土圆环的尺度上测量到。在更小的尺度上，有人提出接近吸积盘的流入量来解释最近的气态宽排放线对连续变化的响应模型的结果（6,7）。但是，对于实际上到达吸积盘的流入的明确观察是难以捉摸的。在这里，我们报告了对类星体样品中氢和氦原子的红移宽吸收线的检测。这些线显示了范围广泛的多普勒速度，从零到红移连续不断地扩展，高达每秒约5,000公里。我们将其解释为气体以接近黑洞的自由落体速度的速度向内运动，从而将最快的入流气体限制在黑洞的10,000引力半径之内（引力半径是引力常数乘以物体质量，除以由光速的平方）。广泛的光电离建模产生了大约1000重力半径的特征径向流入距离，该半径可能与外部吸积盘重叠。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7772期|83-86|共4页
  • 作者

    Zhou Hongyan; Shi Xiheng; Yuan Weimin; Hao Lei; Chen Xiangjun; Ge Jian; Ji Tuo; Jiang Peng; Li Ge; Liu Bifang; Liu Guilin; Liu Wenjuan; Lu Honglin; Pan Xiang; Shen Juntai; Shu Xinwen; Sun Luming; Tian Qiguo; Wang Huiyuan; Wang Tinggui; Wu Shengmiao; Yang Chenwei; Zhang Shaohua; Zhong Zhihao;

  • 作者单位

    State Ocean Adm Polar Res Inst China Key Lab Polar Sci Antarctic Astron Res Div Shanghai Peoples R China|Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Astron & Space Sci Hefei Anhui Peoples R China|Univ Sci & Technol China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol Dept Astron Hefei Anhui Peoples R China;

    State Ocean Adm Polar Res Inst China Key Lab Polar Sci Antarctic Astron Res Div Shanghai Peoples R China|Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Astron & Space Sci Hefei Anhui Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ China Beijing Peoples R China|Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Astron & Space Sci Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Astron Observ Shanghai Peoples R China;

    Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Astron & Space Sci Hefei Anhui Peoples R China|Univ Sci & Technol China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol Dept Astron Hefei Anhui Peoples R China;

    Univ Florida Dept Astron Bryant Space Sci Ctr Gainesville FL 32611 USA;

    Chinese Acad Sci Yunnan Observ Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China;

    Anhui Normal Univ Dept Phys Wuhu Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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