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An experiment to search for dark-matter interactions using sodium iodide detectors

机译：使用碘化钠检测器搜索暗物质相互作用的实验

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Observations of galaxies and primordial radiation suggest that the Universe is made mostly of non-luminous dark matter(1,2). Several new types of fundamental particle have been proposed as candidates for dark matter(3), such as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs)(4,5). These particles would be expected to interact with nuclei in suitable detector materials on Earth, for example, causing them to recoil. However, no definitive signal from such dark-matter interactions has been detected despite concerted efforts by many collaborations(6). One exception is the much-debated claim by the DAMA collaboration of a statistically significant (more than nine standard deviations) annual modulation in the rate of nuclear interaction events. Annual modulation is expected because of the variation in Earth's velocity relative to the Galaxy's dark-matter halo that arises from Earth's orbital motion around the Sun. DAMA observed a modulation in the rate of interaction events in their detector(7-9) with a period and phase consistent with that expected for WIMPs(10-12). Several groups have been working to develop experiments with the aim of reproducing DAMA's results using the same target medium (sodium iodide)(13-17). To determine whether there is evidence for an excess of events above the expected background in sodium iodide and to look for evidence of an annual modulation, the COSINE-100 experiment uses sodium iodide as the target medium to carry out a model-independent test of DAMA's claim. Here we report results from the initial operation of the COSINE-100 experiment related to the first task(18,19). We observe no excess of signal-like events above the expected background in the first 59.5 days of data from COSINE-100. Assuming the so-called standard dark-matter halo model, this result rules out WIMP-nucleon interactions as the cause of the annual modulation observed by the DAMA collaboration(20-23). The exclusion limit on the WIMP-sodium interaction cross-section is 1.14 x 10(-40) cm(2) for 10-GeV c(-2) WIMPs at a 90% confidence level. The COSINE-100 experiment will continue to collect data for two more years, enabling a model-independent test of the annual modulation observed by the DAMA collaboration.
机译：对星系和原始辐射的观察表明，宇宙主要由非发光暗物质组成（1,2）。已经提出了几种新型的基本粒子作为暗物质的候选物（3），例如弱相互作用的大质量粒子（WIMP）（4,5）。这些粒子有望与地球上合适的探测器材料中的核相互作用，例如，导致它们后退。然而，尽管经过许多合作的共同努力，仍未检测到来自此类暗物质相互作用的确定信号（6）。一个例外是DAMA合作关于核相互作用事件发生率具有统计学意义（超过9个标准偏差）的年度调制的争议很大。由于地球速度相对于银河系暗物质光晕的变化是由地球绕太阳公转引起的，因此预计将进行年度调制。 DAMA在其探测器（7-9）中观察到相互作用事件速率的调制，其周期和相位与WIMP（10-12）预期的一致。几个小组一直在努力开发实验，目的是使用相同的目标介质（碘化钠）重现DAMA的结果（13-17）。为了确定碘化钠中是否有超过预期背景的过量事件的证据，并寻找年度调制的证据，COSINE-100实验使用碘化钠作为目标介质，对DAMA的模型进行了模型无关的测试要求。在这里我们报告了与第一个任务相关的COSINE-100实验的初始操作的结果（18,19）。在来自COSINE-100的前59.5天的数据中，我们没有观察到超过预期背景的类似信号的事件。假设所谓的标准暗物质光环模型，该结果排除了WIMP-核子相互作用作为DAMA合作观测到的年度调制的原因（20-23）。对于10-GeV c（-2）WIMP，WIMP-钠相互作用截面的排除极限为1.14 x 10（-40）cm（2），置信水平为90％。 COSINE-100实验将继续收集两年的数据，从而实现DAMA合作观测到的年度调制的模型独立测试。

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