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Probing the energetic particle environment near the Sun

机译：探索太阳附近的高能粒子环境

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NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission(1) recently plunged through the inner heliosphere of the Sun to its perihelia, about 24 million kilometres from the Sun. Previous studies farther from the Sun (performed mostly at a distance of 1 astronomical unit) indicate that solar energetic particles are accelerated from a few kiloelectronvolts up to near-relativistic energies via at least two processes: 'impulsive' events, which are usually associated with magnetic reconnection in solar flares and are typically enriched in electrons, helium-3 and heavier ions(2), and 'gradual' events(3,4), which are typically associated with large coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks and compressions moving through the corona and inner solar wind and are the dominant source of protons with energies between 1 and 10 megaelectronvolts. However, some events show aspects of both processes and the electron-proton ratio is not bimodally distributed, as would be expected if there were only two possible processes(5). These processes have been very difficult to resolve from prior observations, owing to the various transport effects that affect the energetic particle population en route to more distant spacecraft(6). Here we report observations of the near-Sun energetic particle radiation environment over the first two orbits of the probe. We find a variety of energetic particle events accelerated both locally and remotely including by corotating interaction regions, impulsive events driven by acceleration near the Sun, and an event related to a coronal mass ejection. We provide direct observations of the energetic particle radiation environment in the region just above the corona of the Sun and directly explore the physics of particle acceleration and transport.
机译：NASA的帕克太阳探测器任务（1）最近穿过太阳的内部日球层坠入了距太阳约2400万公里的近日点。先前距离太阳较远的研究（主要在1个天文单位的距离上进行）表明，太阳高能粒子至少通过以下两个过程从几千电子伏特加速到接近相对论的能量：“冲动”事件，通常与太阳耀斑中的磁重连接，通常富含电子，氦3和更重的离子（2）和“渐进”事件（3,4），这些事件通常与大的日冕物质抛射驱动的冲击和压缩运动有关通过电晕和太阳内部的风，是能量在1至10兆电子伏特之间的质子的主要来源。但是，一些事件显示了这两个过程的各个方面，并且如果只有两个可能的过程（5），则电子质子比不是双峰分布的。由于影响高能粒子种群进入更遥远的航天器的各种传输效应，这些过程很难从先前的观察中解决（6）。在这里，我们报告在探测器的前两个轨道上的近太阳高能粒子辐射环境的观测结果。我们发现各种能量粒子事件在本地和远程都加速了，包括通过相互作用区域的共同旋转，由太阳附近加速驱动的脉冲事件以及与日冕物质抛射有关的事件。我们提供对太阳日冕上方区域高能粒子辐射环境的直接观察，并直接探索粒子加速和传输的物理学。

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