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Phonon heat transfer across a vacuum through quantum fluctuations

机译：声子通过量子涨落在真空中的传热

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摘要

Heat transfer in solids is typically conducted through either electrons or atomic vibrations known as phonons. In a vacuum, heat has long been thought to be transferred by radiation but not by phonons because of the lack of a medium(1). Recent theory, however, has predicted that quantum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields could induce phonon coupling across a vacuum and thereby facilitate heat transfer(2-4). Revealing this unique quantum effect experimentally would bring fundamental insights to quantum thermodynamics(5) and practical implications to thermal management in nanometre-scale technologies(6). Here we experimentally demonstrate heat transfer induced by quantum fluctuations between two objects separated by a vacuum gap. We use nanomechanical systems to realize strong phonon coupling through vacuum fluctuations, and observe the exchange of thermal energy between individual phonon modes. The experimental observation agrees well with our theoretical calculations and is unambiguously distinguished from other effects such as near-field radiation and electrostatic interaction. Our discovery of phonon transport through quantum fluctuations represents a previously unknown mechanism of heat transfer in addition to the conventional conduction, convection and radiation. It paves the way for the exploitation of quantum vacuum in energy transport at the nanoscale.
机译：固体中的热传递通常通过电子或称为声子的原子振动进行。在真空中，由于缺少介质，人们一直认为热量是通过辐射而不是声子传递的（1）。然而，最近的理论预测，电磁场的量子涨落会引起真空中的声子耦合，从而促进热传递（2-4）。通过实验揭示这种独特的量子效应将为量子热力学带来基础性见解（5），并为纳米级技术的热管理带来实际意义（6）。在这里，我们通过实验证明了由真空间隙隔开的两个物体之间的量子涨落引起的热传递。我们使用纳米力学系统通过真空波动实现强声子耦合，并观察各个声子模式之间的热能交换。实验观察与我们的理论计算非常吻合，并且与其他影响（例如近场辐射和静电相互作用）毫无区别。我们通过量子涨落发现声子的传输代表了除传统的传导，对流和辐射之外的传热机制。它为在纳米级的能量传输中利用量子真空铺平了道路。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7786期|243-247|共5页
  • 作者

    Fong King Yan; Li Hao-Kun; Zhao Rongkuo; Yang Sui; Wang Yuan; Zhang Xiang;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif Berkeley Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr Berkeley CA 94720 USA;

    Univ Calif Berkeley Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr Berkeley CA 94720 USA|Univ Hong Kong Fac Sci & Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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