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Field-resolved infrared spectroscopy of biological systems

机译：生物系统的现场分辨红外光谱

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The proper functioning of living systems and physiological phenotypes depends on molecular composition. Yet simultaneous quantitative detection of a wide variety of molecules remains a challenge(1-8). Here we show how broadband optical coherence opens up opportunities for fingerprinting complex molecular ensembles in their natural environment. Vibrationally excited molecules emit a coherent electric field following few-cycle infrared laser excitation(9-12), and this field is specific to the sample's molecular composition. Employing electro-optic sampling(10,12-15), we directly measure this global molecular fingerprint down to field strengths 10(7) times weaker than that of the excitation. This enables transillumination of intact living systems with thicknesses of the order of 0.1 millimetres, permitting broadband infrared spectroscopic probing of human cells and plant leaves. In a proof-of-concept analysis of human blood serum, temporal isolation of the infrared electric-field fingerprint from its excitation along with its sampling with attosecond timing precision results in detection sensitivity of submicrograms per millilitre of blood serum and a detectable dynamic range of molecular concentration exceeding 10(5). This technique promises improved molecular sensitivity and molecular coverage for probing complex, real-world biological and medical settings.
机译：生命系统和生理表型的适当功能取决于分子组成。然而，同时定量检测多种分子仍然是一个挑战（1-8）。在这里，我们展示了宽带光学相干如何为在自然环境中对复杂分子集成进行指纹识别打开机会。振动激发的分子在经过几个周期的红外激光激发后会发射出相干电场（9-12），该场特定于样品的分子组成。利用电光采样（10,12-15），我们直接测量了这种整体分子指纹，其场强比激发的弱了10（7）倍。这样可以透射完整厚度为0.1毫米的完整生命系统，从而允许对人体细胞和植物叶片进行宽带红外光谱探测。在对人类血清的概念验证分析中，将红外电场指纹从其激发中暂时隔离出来，并以十亿分之一秒的定时精度进行采样，从而导致每毫升血清亚微克的检测灵敏度和可检测到的动态范围分子浓度超过10（5）。该技术有望改善分子敏感性和分子覆盖率，以探测复杂的，现实世界的生物和医学环境。

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