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Lactonization as a general route to β-C(sp~3)-H functionalization

机译:漆基化是实现β-C(sp〜3)-H功能化的一般途径

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摘要

Functionalization of the beta-C-H bonds of aliphatic acids is emerging as a valuable synthetic disconnection that complements a wide range of conjugate addition reactions(1-5). Despite efforts for beta-C-H functionalization in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, these have numerous crucial limitations, especially for industrial-scale applications, including lack of monoselectivity, use of expensive oxidants and limited scope(6-13). Notably, the majority of these reactions are incompatible with free aliphatic acids without exogenous directing groups. Considering the challenge of developing C-H activation reactions, it is not surprising that achieving different transformations requires independent catalyst design and directing group optimizations in each case. Here we report a Pd-catalysed beta-C(sp(3))-H lactonization of aliphatic acids enabled by a mono-N-protected beta-amino acid ligand. The highly strained and reactive beta-lactone products are versatile linchpins for the mono-selective installation of diverse alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkynyl, fluoro, hydroxyl and amino groups at the beta position of the parent acid, thus providing a route to many carboxylic acids. The use of inexpensive tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant to promote the desired selective reductive elimination from the Pd(iv) centre, as well as the ease of product purification without column chromatography, render this reaction amenable to tonne-scale manufacturing.
机译:脂肪酸β-C-H键的功能化正作为一种有价值的合成断开连接而出现,该连接断开与广泛的共轭加成反应互补(1-5)。尽管为碳-碳和碳-杂原子键形成反应中的β-CH功能化做出了努力,但这些方法仍具有许多关键的局限性,特别是对于工业规模的应用而言,包括缺乏单选择性,使用昂贵的氧化剂和范围有限(6-13) 。值得注意的是,这些反应中的大多数与没有外源指导基团的游离脂肪酸不相容。考虑到发展C-H活化反应的挑战,在每种情况下实现不同的转化都需要独立的催化剂设计和直接的基团优化不足为奇。在这里我们报告的Pd催化β-C(sp(3))-H内酯化的脂肪酸由单-N-保护的β-氨基酸配体实现。高应变性和反应性的β-内酯产品是多功能的关键,可选择性地在母体酸的β位置单选择安装各种烷基,烯基,芳基,炔基,氟,羟基和氨基,从而提供了通往许多羧基的途径酸。使用廉价的叔丁基过氧化氢作为氧化剂以促进从Pd(iv)中心进行所需的选择性还原消除,以及无需柱色谱法即可简便地纯化产物,使得该反应适合吨级规模的生产。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7792期|656-659|共4页
  • 作者

    Zhuang Zhe; Yu Jin-Quan;

  • 作者单位

    Scripps Res Inst Dept Chem La Jolla CA 92037 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
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