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Molecular heterogeneity drives reconfigurable nematic liquid crystal drops

机译：分子异质性驱动可重构向列液晶滴

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摘要

With few exceptions(1-3), polydispersity or molecular heterogeneity in matter tends to impede self-assembly and state transformation. For example, shape transformations of liquid droplets with monodisperse ingredients have been reported in equilibrium(4-7) and non-equilibrium studies(8,9), and these transition phenomena were understood on the basis of homogeneous material responses. Here, by contrast, we study equilibrium suspensions of drops composed of polydisperse nematic liquid crystal oligomers (NLCOs). Surprisingly, molecular heterogeneity in the polydisperse drops promotes reversible shape transitions to a rich variety of non-spherical morphologies with unique internal structure. We find that variation of oligomer chain length distribution, temperature, and surfactant concentration alters the balance between NLCO elastic energy and interfacial energy, and drives formation of nematic structures that range from roughened spheres to 'flower' shapes to branched filamentous networks with controllable diameters. The branched structures with confined liquid crystal director fields can be produced reversibly over areas of at least one square centimetre and can be converted into liquid crystal elastomers by ultraviolet curing. Observations and modelling reveal that chain length polydispersity plays a crucial role in driving these morphogenic phenomena, via spatial segregation. This insight suggests new routes for encoding network structure and function in soft materials.
机译：除少数例外（1-3）外，物质的多分散性或分子异质性往往会阻碍自组装和状态转换。例如，在平衡（4-7）和非平衡研究（8,9）中已经报道了具有单分散成分的液滴的形状转变，并且这些转变现象是基于均匀的材料响应来理解的。在此，相比之下，我们研究了由多分散向列液晶低聚物（NLCO）组成的液滴的平衡悬浮液。令人惊讶的是，多分散液滴中的分子异质性促进了可逆的形状转变，形成具有独特内部结构的多种非球形形态。我们发现，低聚物链长分布，温度和表面活性剂浓度的变化会改变NLCO弹性能和界面能之间的平衡，并驱动向列结构的形成，该结构的范围从粗糙的球体到“花”形再到直径可控制的分支丝状网络。具有限制的液晶指向矢场的支化结构可以在至少一平方厘米的面积上可逆地产生，并且可以通过紫外线固化转化为液晶弹性体。观察和建模表明，链长的多分散性通过空间隔离在驱动这些形态发生现象中起着至关重要的作用。这一见解提出了在软材料中编码网络结构和功能的新途径。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7787期|433-436|共4页
  • 作者

    Wei Wei-Shao; Xia Yu; Ettinger Sophie; Yang Shu; Yodh A. G.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Penn Dept Phys & Astron Philadelphia PA 19104 USA|Univ Penn LRSM Philadelphia PA 19104 USA;

    Univ Penn LRSM Philadelphia PA 19104 USA|Univ Penn Dept Mat Sci & Engn 3231 Walnut St Philadelphia PA 19104 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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