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A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs

机译：一种新的侏罗纪熊犬术，以及Theopod恐龙的膜翅膀的损失

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摘要

Powered flight evolved independently in vertebrates in the pterosaurs, birds and bats, each of which has a different configuration of the bony elements and epidermal structures that form the wings(1,2). Whereas the early fossil records of pterosaurs and bats are sparse, mounting evidence (primarily from China) of feathered non-avian dinosaurs and stemward avians that derive primarily from the Middle-Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous periods has enabled the slow piecing together of the origins of avian flight(3,4). These fossils demonstrate that, close to the origin of flight, dinosaurs closely related to birds were experimenting with a diversity of wing structures(3,5). One of the most surprising of these is that of the scansoriopterygid (Theropoda, Maniraptora) Yi qi, which has membranous wings-a flight apparatus that was previously unknown among theropods but that is used by both the pterosaur and bat lineages(6). This observation was not universally accepted(7). Here we describe a newly identified scansoriopterygid-which we name Ambopteryx longibrachium, gen. et sp. nov.-from the Upper Jurassic period. This specimen provides support for the widespread existence of membranous wings and the styliform element in the Scansoriopterygidae, as well as evidence for the diet of this enigmatic theropod Glade. Our analyses show that marked changes in wing architecture evolved near the split between the Scansoriopterygidae and the avian lineage, as the two clades travelled along very different paths to becoming volant. The membranous wings supported by elongate forelimbs that are present in scansoriopterygids probably represent a short-lived experimentation with volant behaviour, and feathered wings were ultimately favoured during the later evolution of Paraves.
机译：动力飞行在翼龙，鸟类和蝙蝠中独立在脊椎动物中进化，每个鸟类和蝙蝠都有不同的骨质元素和形成翅膀的表皮结构的配置（1,2）。鉴于翼龙和蝙蝠的早期化石记录是稀疏的，安装的证据（主要来自中国）的羽毛状非禽鳄鱼和斯蒂夫禽，主要来自中上侏罗纪和下白垩纪时期，使得起源的缓慢拼凑在一起禽航班（3,4）。这些化石表明，接近飞行起源，与鸟类密切相关的恐龙正在尝试翼状结构（3,5）。其中一个最令人惊讶的是斯科莫肝腹泻（Theropoda，Maniraptora）易Qi，它具有膜质翼 - 一种飞行装置，其在翼龙和蝙蝠谱系（6）中使用的是前面未知的飞行装置（6）。这种观察尚未普遍接受（7）。在这里，我们描述了一种新鉴定的Scansoriopterygid - 我们命名Ambopteryx Longibrachium，Gen。等SP。 11月 - 从侏罗纪期。该标本提供了对斯科霉术中膜翼的广泛存在的支持，以及这种神秘的Theropod Glade饮食的证据。我们的分析表明，随着沿着非常不同的路径变得伏特的两条行星，翼架之间的翼架的显着变化在分裂附近进化。由斯科莫肝腹泻存在的细长前肢支撑的膜质翅膀可能代表具有含量行为的短暂实验，并且在糖浆的后来演变期间最终受到羽毛翅膀。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7755期|256-259|共4页
  • 作者

    Wang Min; OConnor Jingmai K.; Xu Xing; Zhou Zhonghe;

  • 作者单位

    Chinese Acad Sci Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins Beijing Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins Beijing Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins Beijing Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins Beijing Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm Beijing Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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