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Chang'E-4 initial spectroscopic identification of lunar far - side mantle - derived materials

机译：嫦娥 - 4农历远侧地幔衍生材料的初始光谱识别

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摘要

Over 60 years of spacecraft exploration has revealed that the Earth's Moon is characterized by a lunar crust(1) dominated by the mineral plagioclase, overlying a more mafic (richer in iron and magnesium) mantle of uncertain composition. Both crust and mantle formed during the earliest stages of lunar evolution when late-stage accretional energy caused a molten rock (magma) ocean, flotation of the light plagioclase, sinking of the denser iron-rich minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, and eventually solidification(2). Very large impact craters can potentially penetrate through the crust and sample the lunar mantle. The largest of these craters is the approximately 2,500-kilometre-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin(3) on the lunar far side. Evidence obtained from orbiting spacecraft shows that the floor of the SPA basin is rich in mafic minerals(4), but their mantle origin is controversial and their in situ geologic settings are poorly known. China's Chang'E-4 lunar far-side lander recently touched down in the Von Karman crater(5,6) to explore the floor of the huge SPA basin and deployed its rover, Yutu-2. Here we report on the initial spectral observations of the Visible and Near Infrared Spectrometer (VNIS)(7) onboard Yutu-2, which we interpret to represent the presence of low-calcium (ortho) pyroxene and olivine, materials that may originate from the lunar mantle. Geological context(6) suggests that these materials were excavated from below the SPA floor by the nearby 72-km-diameter Finsen impact crater event, and transported to the landing site. Continued exploration by Yutu-2 will target these materials on the floor of the Von Karman crater to understand their geologic context, origin and abundance, and to assess the possibility of sample-return scenarios.
机译：超过60年的航天器勘探揭示了地球的月亮的特征是由矿物质蛋白酶占据矿物质普氏酶，覆盖更多的乳房（铁和镁）的不确定组成的地幔。在月前的累积能量引起熔融岩（岩浆）海洋时，在月球进化的最早阶段形成的地壳和地幔均形成熔岩（岩浆）海洋，浮蛋白的浮选，沉入更密集的铁富含矿物质，如橄榄石和辉石，最终凝固（2）。非常大的冲击陨石坑可能穿过地壳渗透并采样月球地幔。这些陨石坑中最大的是南极南极（SPA）盆地（3）的大约2,500公里直径。从轨道宇宙飞船获得的证据表明，水疗盆地的地板富含MAFIC矿物质（4），但它们的地幔起源是有争议的，其原位地质环境众所周知。中国嫦娥4岁的农历远端着陆器最近触动了冯Karman火山口（5,6），探索巨大的水疗盆地的地板，并部署了它的流动站，Yutu-2。在这里，我们报告了可见光和近红外光谱仪（VNI）（7）船上yutu-2的初始光谱观测，我们解释了可能源自源于低钙（Ortho）辉石和橄榄石的存在材料，这些材料月球披露。地质背景（6）表明这些材料由附近的72公里直径的芬芳冲击火山口事件从水疗中心挖掘出来，并运输到着陆部位。 Yutu-2的持续探索将在Von Karman火山山地板上瞄准这些材料，以了解他们的地质背景，原产地和丰富，并评估样品返回方案的可能性。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7756期|378-382|共5页
  • 作者

    Li Chunlai; Liu Dawei; Liu Bin; Ren Xin; Liu Jianjun; He Zhiping; Zuo Wei; Zeng Xingguo; Xu Rui; Tan Xu; Zhang Xiaoxia; Chen Wangli; Shu Rong; Wen Weibin; Su Yan; Zhang Hongbo; Ouyang Ziyuan;

  • 作者单位

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Tech Phys Key Lab Space Act Optoelect Technol Shanghai Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Tech Phys Key Lab Space Act Optoelect Technol Shanghai Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Tech Phys Key Lab Space Act Optoelect Technol Shanghai Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Lunar & Deep Space Explorat Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China|Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geochem Guiyang Guizhou Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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