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Non-line-of-sight imaging using phasor-field virtual wave optics

机译：使用Phasor-Field Virtual Wave Optics的非视线成像

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摘要

Non-line-of-sight imaging allows objects to be observed when partially or fully occluded from direct view, by analysing indirect diffuse reflections off a secondary relay surface. Despite many potential applications(1-9), existing methods lack practical usability because of limitations including the assumption of single scattering only, ideal diffuse reflectance and lack of occlusions within the hidden scene. By contrast, line-of-sight imaging systems do not impose any assumptions about the imaged scene, despite relying on the mathematically simple processes of linear diffractive wave propagation. Here we show that the problem of non-line-of-sight imaging can also be formulated as one of diffractive wave propagation, by introducing a virtual wave field that we term the phasor field. Non-line-of-sight scenes can be imaged from raw time-of-flight data by applying the mathematical operators that model wave propagation in a conventional line-of-sight imaging system. Our method yields a new class of imaging algorithms that mimic the capabilities of line-of-sight cameras. To demonstrate our technique, we derive three imaging algorithms, modelled after three different line-of-sight systems. These algorithms rely on solving a wave diffraction integral, namely the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral. Fast solutions to Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction and its approximations are readily available, benefiting our method. We demonstrate non-line-of-sight imaging of complex scenes with strong multiple scattering and ambient light, arbitrary materials, large depth range and occlusions. Our method handles these challenging cases without explicitly inverting a light-transport model. We believe that our approach will help to unlock the potential of non-line-of-sight imaging and promote the development of relevant applications not restricted to laboratory conditions.
机译：通过分析从二次继电器表面的间接漫反射部分地或完全堵塞时，瞄准非线性成像允许观察到的物体。尽管许多潜在的应用（1-9），现有方法缺乏实际可用性，因为限制，包括单一散射的假设，理想的漫反射率和隐藏的场景中缺乏闭塞。相比之下，尽管依赖于线性衍射波传播的数学简单的过程，但视线上的成像系统不会对成像场景产生任何假设。在这里，我们表明，通过引入Phasor字段的虚拟波字段，也可以将非视线上成像的问题作为衍射波传播之一。可以通过在传统的视线成像系统中应用模型波传播的数学运算符来从原始飞行时间数据成像非瞄准场景。我们的方法产生了一种新的成像算法，模仿视线相机的能力。为了展示我们的技术，我们推出了三种成像算法，在三种不同的视线系统之后建模。这些算法依赖于求解波衍射积分，即瑞利 - Sommerfeld衍射积分。 Rayleigh-Sommerfeld衍射的快速解决方案及其近似是易于获得的，有益于我们的方法。我们展示了具有强大多种散射和环境光，任意材料，大深度范围和闭塞的复杂场景的非视野映像。我们的方法处理这些具有挑战性的情况，而无需明确反转光传输模型。我们相信，我们的方法将有助于解锁非景观成像的潜力，并促进不限于实验室条件的相关应用的发展。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7771期|620-623|共4页
  • 作者

    Liu Xiaochun; Guillen Ibon; La Manna Marco; Nam Ji Hyun; Reza Syed Azer; Le Toan Huu; Jarabo Adrian; Gutierrez Diego; Velten Andreas;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Wisconsin Dept Elect & Comp Engn 1415 Johnson Dr Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Univ Zaragoza I3A Graph & Imaging Lab Zaragoza Spain;

    Univ Wisconsin Dept Elect & Comp Engn 1415 Johnson Dr Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Univ Wisconsin Dept Biostat & Med Informat Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Univ Wisconsin Dept Elect & Comp Engn 1415 Johnson Dr Madison WI 53706 USA;

    Univ Zaragoza I3A Graph & Imaging Lab Zaragoza Spain;

    Univ Zaragoza I3A Graph & Imaging Lab Zaragoza Spain;

    Univ Wisconsin Dept Elect & Comp Engn 1415 Johnson Dr Madison WI 53706 USA|Univ Wisconsin Dept Biostat & Med Informat Madison WI 53706 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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