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Laser picoscopy of valence electrons in solids

机译:vallence电子的激光微微镜检查

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摘要

Laser-generated high-harmonic emission is used to image the valence potential and electron density in magnesium fluoride and calcium fluoride at the picometre scale, enabling direct probing of material properties.Valence electrons contribute a small fraction of the total electron density of materials, but they determine their essential chemical, electronic and optical properties. Strong laser fields can probe electrons in valence orbitals(1-3)and their dynamics(4-6)in the gas phase. Previous laser studies of solids have associated high-harmonic emission(7-12)with the spatial arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice(13,14)and have used terahertz fields to probe interatomic potential forces(15). Yet the direct, picometre-scale imaging of valence electrons in solids has remained challenging. Here we show that intense optical fields interacting with crystalline solids could enable the imaging of valence electrons at the picometre scale. An intense laser field with a strength that is comparable to the fields keeping the valence electrons bound in crystals can induce quasi-free electron motion. The harmonics of the laser field emerging from the nonlinear scattering of the valence electrons by the crystal potential contain the critical information that enables picometre-scale, real-space mapping of the valence electron structure. We used high harmonics to reconstruct images of the valence potential and electron density in crystalline magnesium fluoride and calcium fluoride with a spatial resolution of about 26 picometres. Picometre-scale imaging of valence electrons could enable direct probing of the chemical, electronic, optical and topological properties of materials.
机译:激光产生的高谐波发射用于以PicometRe Scale在氟化镁和氟化钙中的价电位和电子密度图像,从而能够直接探测材料特性。智能电子有助于总电子密度的小部分,但是它们确定了它们的基本化学,电子和光学性质。强烈的激光场可以在气相中的价轨道(1-3)中探测电子轨道(1-3)及其动力学(4-6)。先前的固体激光研究具有相关的高谐波发射(7-12),其具有晶格(13,14)中的原子的空间排列,并且已经使用太太地区探测了内部潜在力(15)。然而,固体中价值的直接,Picometre级成像仍然挑战。在这里,我们示出了与结晶固体相互作用的强烈光学场可以使得在PICORERE规模处能够成像。具有与保持晶体中绑定的价电子的场相当的强度的强烈激光场可以诱导无准电子运动。通过晶体电位从价电子的非线性散射出来的激光场的谐波包含了实现Picometre级,价值电子结构的实际空间映射的关键信息。我们使用高谐波来重建晶体氟化镁和氟化钙中的价电位和电子密度的图像,其空间分辨率为约26粒状管。无价电子的Picometre级成像可以直接探测材料的化学,电子,光学和拓扑性质。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7814期|55-59|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Rostock Inst Phys Rostock Germany|Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt Garching Germany;

    Univ Rostock Inst Phys Rostock Germany|Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt Garching Germany;

    Univ Rostock Inst Phys Rostock Germany|Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt Garching Germany;

    Chinese Acad Sci Inst Phys Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Inst Phys Beijing Peoples R China;

    Univ Rostock Inst Phys Rostock Germany|Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt Garching Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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