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A cold, massive, rotating disk galaxy 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang

机译：寒冷，大规模，旋转圆盘银河十六亿年后大爆炸

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摘要

Massive disk galaxies like the Milky Way are expected to form at late times in traditional models of galaxy formation(1,2), but recent numerical simulations suggest that such galaxies could form as early as a billion years after the Big Bang through the accretion of cold material and mergers(3,4). Observationally, it has been difficult to identify disk galaxies in emission at high redshift(5,6) in order to discern between competing models of galaxy formation. Here we report imaging, with a resolution of about 1.3 kiloparsecs, of the 158-micrometre emission line from singly ionized carbon, the far-infrared dust continuum and the near-ultraviolet continuum emission from a galaxy at a redshift of 4.2603, identified by detecting its absorption of quasar light. These observations show that the emission arises from gas inside a cold, dusty, rotating disk with a rotational velocity of about 272 kilometres per second. The detection of emission from carbon monoxide in the galaxy yields a molecular mass that is consistent with the estimate from the ionized carbon emission of about 72 billion solar masses. The existence of such a massive, rotationally supported, cold disk galaxy when the Universe was only 1.5 billion years old favours formation through either cold-mode accretion or mergers, although its large rotational velocity and large content of cold gas remain challenging to reproduce with most numerical simulations(7,8).A massive rotating disk galaxy was formed a mere 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang, a surprisingly short time after the origin of the Universe.
机译：像银河系一样的巨大磁盘星系在传统的星系形成模型（1,2）的延迟时间内，但近期数值模拟表明，这种星系可以在大爆炸后期的十亿年后形成了一十亿多年冷材料和合并（3,4）。术语方式，难以识别高射频（5,6）的发射磁盘星系，以辨别Galaxy地层的竞争模型。在这里，我们报告了从单独电离碳的158微米排放线的分辨率报告了成像，从单独的电离碳，远红外尘埃连续统一和来自射频在4.2603的红星的近紫外线排放，通过检测确定它吸收了Quasar光线。这些观察结果表明，发射出现在寒冷，尘土飞扬的旋转盘内的气体，旋转速度为每秒约272公里。在星系中的一氧化碳排放的检测产生的分子量，其与来自约720亿太阳能块的电离碳排放量的估计一致。当宇宙仅通过冷模增值或合并时，宇宙仅为15亿岁的倾向于12亿岁的繁华，虽然其大量旋转速度和大量的冷气含量较大的旋转速度和大量的冷气含量较大数值模拟（7,8）。大型旋转盘Galaxy在大爆炸后形成了15亿年，宇宙起源后的令人惊讶的短暂时间。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7808期|269-272|共4页
  • 作者

    Neeleman Marcel; Prochaska J. Xavier; Kanekar Nissim; Rafelski Marc;

  • 作者单位

    Max Planck Inst Astron Heidelberg Germany;

    Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Astron & Astrophys UCO Lick Observ Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA|Univ Tokyo Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe Kavli IPMU Kashiwa Chiba Japan;

    Pune Univ Tata Inst Fundamental Res Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys Pune Maharashtra India;

    Space Telescope Sci Inst 3700 San Martin Dr Baltimore MD 21218 USA|Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Phys & Astron Baltimore MD 21218 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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