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Night-time measurements of astronomical seeing at Dome A in Antarctica

机译：在南极洲圆顶A的天文学夜间测量

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Seeing-the angular size of stellar images blurred by atmospheric turbulence-is a critical parameter used to assess the quality of astronomical sites at optical/infrared wavelengths. Median values at the best mid-latitude sites are generally in the range of 0.6-0.8 arcseconds(1-3). Sites on the Antarctic plateau are characterized by comparatively weak turbulence in the free atmosphere above a strong but thin boundary layer(4-6). The median seeing at Dome C is estimated to be 0.23-0.36 arcseconds(7-10)above a boundary layer that has a typical height of 30 metres(10-12). At Domes A and F, the only previous seeing measurements have been made during daytime(13,14). Here we report measurements of night-time seeing at Dome A, using a differential image motion monitor(15). Located at a height of just 8 metres, it recorded seeing as low as 0.13 arcseconds, and provided seeing statistics that are comparable to those at a height of 20 metres at Dome C. This indicates that the boundary layer was below 8 metres for 31 per cent of the time, with median seeing of 0.31 arcseconds, consistent with free-atmosphere seeing. The seeing and boundary-layer thickness are found to be strongly correlated with the near-surface temperature gradient. The correlation confirms a median thickness of approximately 14 metres for the boundary layer at Dome A, as found from a sonic radar(16). The thinner boundary layer makes it less challenging to locate a telescope above it, thereby giving greater access to the free atmosphere.The night-time seeing (the extent to which a star's light is blurred by the atmosphere) at Dome A, the highest part on the Antarctic plateau, can be as good as 0.13 arcseconds above a height of only 8 metres.
机译：通过大气湍流模糊的恒星图像的角度尺寸 - 是用于评估光/红外波长的天文位点的质量的关键参数。最佳中纬位点处的中位数通常在0.6-0.8弧秒（1-3）的范围内。南极高原上的源位点的特征在于在强度但薄边界层（4-6）上方的自由气氛中的湍流相对较弱。在圆顶C的中位数估计为0.23-0.36弧秒（7-10），边界层上方具有30米（10-12）的典型高度。在DOMES A和F处，在白天（13,14）期间唯一的先前看测量。在这里，我们使用差分图像运动监视器（15）报告在圆顶A的夜间欣察的测量。它位于仅为8米的高度，记录低至0.13弧秒，并提供与圆顶C高20米的高度相当的统计数据。这表明边界层低于31米的31米分时时间，中位数看到0.31弧克隆，与自由气氛一致。发现看到和边界层厚度与近表面温度梯度强烈相关。与声波雷达（16）所发现的，圆顶A处的边界层的中值厚度确认了大约14米的中值厚度。较薄的边界层使得在其上方定位望远镜不太具有挑战性，从而可以更好地获得自由大气。夜间看到（星光的光线在大气中模糊的程度）在圆顶A中，最高的部分在南极高原上，可以像0.13高于8米的高度一样好。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7818期|771-774|共4页
  • 作者

    Ma Bin; Shang Zhaohui; Hu Yi; Hu Keliang; Wang Yongjiang; Yang Xu; Ashley Michael C. B.; Hickson Paul; Jiang Peng;

  • 作者单位

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China|Univ British Columbia Dept Phys & Astron Vancouver BC Canada;

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China|Tianjin Normal Univ Tianjin Astrophys Ctr Tianjin Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci Natl Astron Observ Beijing Peoples R China;

    Univ New South Wales Sch Phys Sydney NSW Australia;

    Univ British Columbia Dept Phys & Astron Vancouver BC Canada;

    Polar Res Inst China Key Lab Polar Sci MNR Shanghai Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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