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Evolution of the endothelin pathway drove neural crest cell diversification

机译：内皮素途径的演变推动了神经嵴细胞多样化

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摘要

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of the endothelin-signalling pathway in the sea lampreyPetromyzon marinusand the frogXenopus laeviswere used to delineate ancient and lineage-specific roles of endothelin signalling and provide insights into vertebrate evolution.Neural crest cells (NCCs) are migratory, multipotent embryonic cells that are unique to vertebrates and form an array of clade-defining adult features. The evolution of NCCs has been linked to various genomic events, including the evolution of new gene-regulatory networks(1,2), the de novo evolution of genes(3)and the proliferation of paralogous genes during genome-wide duplication events(4). However, conclusive functional evidence linking new and/or duplicated genes to NCC evolution is lacking. Endothelin ligands (Edns) and endothelin receptors (Ednrs) are unique to vertebrates(3,5,6), and regulate multiple aspects of NCC development in jawed vertebrates(7-10). Here, to test whether the evolution of Edn signalling was a driver of NCC evolution, we used CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis(11)to disruptedn,ednranddlxgenes in the sea lamprey,Petromyzon marinus. Lampreys are jawless fishes that last shared a common ancestor with modern jawed vertebrates around 500 million years ago(12). Thus, comparisons between lampreys and gnathostomes can identify deeply conserved and evolutionarily flexible features of vertebrate development. Using the frogXenopus laevisto expand gnathostome phylogenetic representation and facilitate side-by-side analyses, we identify ancient and lineage-specific roles for Edn signalling. These findings suggest that Edn signalling was activated in NCCs before duplication of the vertebrate genome. Then, after one or more genome-wide duplications in the vertebrate stem, paralogous Edn pathways functionally diverged, resulting in NCC subpopulations with different Edn signalling requirements. We posit that this new developmental modularity facilitated the independent evolution of NCC derivatives in stem vertebrates. Consistent with this, differences in Edn pathway targets are associated with differences in the oropharyngeal skeleton and autonomic nervous system of lampreys and modern gnathostomes. In summary, our work provides functional genetic evidence linking the origin and duplication of new vertebrate genes with the stepwise evolution of a defining vertebrate novelty.
机译：CRISPR-CAS9介导的海绵林素 - 信号通路中的破碎中断海绵林蛋白霉属Marinus和弗洛克伦蓬松莱斯威尔用于描绘内皮素信号传导的古老和谱系特异性作用，并向脊椎动物进化提供见解。脊椎动物进化的见解。脊椎动物细胞（NCCs）是迁移的，多能胚胎脊椎动物是独特的细胞，形成一系列横向定义成人特征。 NCCs的演变与各种基因组事件有关，包括新的基因 - 调节网络（1,2）的演变，基因（3）的De Novo演化以及基因组重复事件期间的逐渐激增（4 ）。然而，缺乏结论新的功能证据，将新的和/或重复基因与NCC进化联系起来。内皮素配体（EDNS）和内皮素受体（EDNRS）对脊椎动物（3,5,6）是独特的，并调节下颚脊椎动物（7-10）中NCC发育的多个方面。在这里，为了测试EDN信号传导的演变是NCC演化的驾驶员，我们使用CRISPR-CAS9诱变（11）在海参中侵扰，达氏林Pherey，Petromyzon Marinus。 Lampreys是Jawless Fishes，最后在5亿年前（12）年（12）中，持续与现代有脊椎动物的共同祖先。因此，Lampreys和Gnathostomes之间的比较可以识别脊椎动物发育的深受保守和进化的灵活特征。使用Frogxenopus Laevisto扩大Gnathostome系统发育表示，并促进并排分析，我们识别EDN信令的古代和谱系特定的角色。这些发现表明，在脊椎动物基因组重复之前，EDN信令在NCCS中激活。然后，在脊椎动物茎中的一种或多种基因组重复之后，逐渐发电的辅助EDN途径，导致具有不同EDN信令要求的NCC亚步骤。我们认为，这种新的发展模块化促进了NCC衍生物在茎脊椎动物中的独立演变。符合这一致，EDN途径靶标的差异与兰佩雷和现代脑梗死的口咽骨骼和自主神经系统的差异有关。总之，我们的工作提供了与脊椎动物新奇的逐步演变相关的功能遗传证据与新的脊椎动物基因的起源和重复联系起来。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7826期|563-568|共6页
  • 作者

    Square Tyler A.; Jandzik David; Massey James L.; Romasek Marek; Stein Haley P.; Hansen Andrew W.; Purkayastha Amrita; Cattell Maria V.; Medeiros Daniel M.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA|Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Mol & Cellular Biol Berkeley CA 94720 USA;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA|Comenius Univ Dept Zool Bratislava Slovakia|Charles Univ Prague Dept Zool Prague Czech Republic;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA|Gymnazium Jiriho Wolkera Prostejov Czech Republic;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA|Metropolitan State Univ Dept Biol Denver CO USA;

    Univ Colorado Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Boulder CO 80309 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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