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Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence

机译:电离辐射对超导量子间相干性的影响

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Ionizing radiation from environmental radioactivity and cosmic rays increases the density of broken Cooper pairs in superconducting qubits, reducing their coherence times, but can be partially mitigated by lead shielding.Technologies that rely on quantum bits (qubits) require long coherence times and high-fidelity operations(1). Superconducting qubits are one of the leading platforms for achieving these objectives(2,3). However, the coherence of superconducting qubits is affected by the breaking of Cooper pairs of electrons(4-6). The experimentally observed density of the broken Cooper pairs, referred to as quasiparticles, is orders of magnitude higher than the value predicted at equilibrium by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity(7-9). Previous work(10-12)has shown that infrared photons considerably increase the quasiparticle density, yet even in the best-isolated systems, it remains much higher(10)than expected, suggesting that another generation mechanism exists(13). Here we provide evidence that ionizing radiation from environmental radioactive materials and cosmic rays contributes to this observed difference. The effect of ionizing radiation leads to an elevated quasiparticle density, which we predict would ultimately limit the coherence times of superconducting qubits of the type measured here to milliseconds. We further demonstrate that radiation shielding reduces the flux of ionizing radiation and thereby increases the energy-relaxation time. Albeit a small effect for today's qubits, reducing or mitigating the impact of ionizing radiation will be critical for realizing fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computers.
机译:来自环境放射性和宇宙射线的电离辐射增加了超导Qubits中破碎的Cooper对的密度,降低了它们的相干时间,但可以通过引线屏蔽部分减轻。依赖量子位(QUBITS)的技术需要长相干时间和高保真度操作(1)。超导Qubits是实现这些目标(2,3)的领先平台之一。然而,超导Qubits的一致性受到Cooper对电子(4-6)的破碎的影响。通过Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer的超导理论(7-9)的Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer理论(7-9)的实验观察到Quasiply的经过实验观察到的破碎的Cooper对的密度为高于预测的值(7-9)的平衡所预测的值。以前的工作(10-12)表明红外光子显着增加了Quasiply密度,但即使在最佳隔离的系统中,它仍然比预期更高(10),表明另一种代理存在(13)。在这里,我们提供了从环境放射性物质和宇宙射线的电离辐射有助于这种观察到的差异。电离辐射引入升高的Quasipliplicle密度的影响,我们预测最终将在此测量的类型的超导Qubits的相干时间限制为毫秒。我们进一步证明辐射屏蔽降低了电离辐射的磁通,从而增加了能量弛豫时间。尽管对当今Qubits的效果很小,但减少或减轻电离辐射的影响对于实现容错超导量子计算机将是至关重要的。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7822期|551-556|共6页
  • 作者单位

    MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    Pacific Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA;

    MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA|Harvard Univ Cambridge MA 02138 USA;

    Pacific Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA;

    MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    MIT Lincoln Lab 244 Wood St Lexington MA 02173 USA;

    MIT Lincoln Lab 244 Wood St Lexington MA 02173 USA;

    MIT Lincoln Lab 244 Wood St Lexington MA 02173 USA;

    MIT Lincoln Lab 244 Wood St Lexington MA 02173 USA;

    MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    Pacific Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA;

    MIT 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Lincoln Lab 244 Wood St Lexington MA 02173 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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