Bennu's near-Earth lifetime of 1.75 million years inferred from craters on its boulders

R-L Ballouz; K J Walsh; O S Barnouin; D N DellaGiustina; M Al Asad; E R Jawin; M G Daly; W F Bottke; P Michel; C Avdellidou; M Delbo; R T Daly; E Asphaug; C A Bennett; E B Bierhaus; H C Connolly; D R Golish; J L Molaro; M C Nolan; M Pajola; B Rizk; S R Schwartz; D Trang; C W V Wolner; D S Lauretta

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Bennu's near-Earth lifetime of 1.75 million years inferred from craters on its boulders

机译：本纳的近地寿命为175万年，从巨石上的陨石坑推断出来

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An asteroid's history is determined in large part by its strength against collisions with other objects~(1,2)(impact strength). Laboratory experiments on centimetre-scale meteorites~(3)have been extrapolated and buttressed with numerical simulations to derive the impact strength at the asteroid scale~(4,5). In situ evidence of impacts on boulders on airless planetary bodies has come from Apollo lunar samples~(6)and images of the asteroid (25143) Itokawa~(7). It has not yet been possible, however, to assess directly the impact strength, and thus the absolute surface age, of the boulders that constitute the building blocks of a rubble-pile asteroid. Here we report an analysis of the size and depth of craters observed on boulders on the asteroid (101955) Bennu. We show that the impact strength of metre-sized boulders is 0.44 to 1.7 megapascals, which is low compared to that of solid terrestrial materials. We infer that Bennu's metre-sized boulders record its history of impact by millimetre- to centimetre-scale objects in near-Earth space. We conclude that this population of near-Earth impactors has a size frequency distribution similar to that of metre-scale bolides and originates from the asteroidal population. Our results indicate that Bennu has been dynamically decoupled from the main asteroid belt for 1.75 ± 0.75 million years.

机译：小行星的历史是在大部分的情况下，其强度与其他物体碰撞〜（1,2）（冲击强度）。在厘米级陨石上的实验室实验〜（3）已经推断并阻止了数值模拟，以导出小行星尺度的冲击强度〜（4,5）。原位证据对无气行星体上的巨石的影响来自阿波罗月球样本〜（6）和小行星（25143）Itokawa〜（7）的图像。然而，它尚未实现，以直接评估构成瓦砾小行星的构建块的巨石的冲击强度和绝对表面时代。在这里，我们报告了在小行星（101955）Bennu上观察到的巨石上观察到的陨石坑的大小和深度的分析。我们表明，仪表大小的巨石的冲击强度为0.44至1.7兆帕血管，与固体陆地材料相比是低的。我们推断出本南的米大小的巨石通过毫米近代空间中的厘米到厘米级对象记录其影响历史。我们得出结论，这种近地撞击群的尺寸频率分布类似于仪表型螺母的尺寸分布，源于小行星群体。我们的结果表明，本纳已从主要的小行星带动态解耦1.75±0.75万年。

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《Nature》 |2020年第7833期|205-209|共5页
作者
R-L Ballouz; K J Walsh; O S Barnouin; D N DellaGiustina; M Al Asad; E R Jawin; M G Daly; W F Bottke; P Michel; C Avdellidou; M Delbo; R T Daly; E Asphaug; C A Bennett; E B Bierhaus; H C Connolly; D R Golish; J L Molaro; M C Nolan; M Pajola; B Rizk; S R Schwartz; D Trang; C W V Wolner; D S Lauretta;
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作者单位

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

Southwest Research Institute;

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

University of British Columbia;

Smithsonian Institution;

York University;

Southwest Research Institute;

Université Côte d'Azur Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange;

Université Côte d'Azur Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange;

Université Côte d'Azur Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange;

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

Lockheed Martin Space;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona|Department of Geology Rowan University;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

Planetary Science Institute;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

HIGP/University of Hawaii at Mānoa;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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1. Craters, boulders and regolith of (101955) Bennu indicative of an old and dynamic surface [J] . Delbo M., Highsmith D. E., Small J., Nature geoscience . 2019,第4期

机译：（101955）Bennu表示旧的和动态表面的陨石坑，巨石和巨石
2. Craters, boulders and regolith of (101955) Bennu indicative of an old and dynamic surface (vol 12, pg 242, 2019) [J] . Walsh K. J., Jawin E. R., Ballouz R. -L., Nature geoscience . 2019,第5期

机译：（101955）Bennu表示旧的和动态表面的陨石坑，巨石和巨石（Vol 12，PG 242,2019）
3. Detecting crater ejecta-blanket boundaries and constraining source crater regions for boulder tracks and elongated secondary craters on Eros [J] . Durda D.D., Chapman C.R., Merline W.J., Meteoritics & planetary science . 2012,第6期

机译：检测火山口喷出物-毯状边界，并限制源陨石坑区域的爱洛斯巨石轨道和细长的次要陨石坑
4. Near-Earth object population and formation of lunar craters during the last billion of years [C] . Sergei I. Ipatov, Ekaterina A. Feoktistova, Vladimir V. Svetsov Symposium of the International Astronomical Union;International Astronomical Union., Symposium . 2019

机译：近地球对象人口和近十亿年陨石坑的形成
5. The Paleoecology and Fire History From Crater Lake, Colorado: The Last 1000 Years [D] . Mogen, Charles T. 2018

机译：科罗拉多州火山口湖的古生态和火灾史：最近1000年
6. Asteroid (101955) Bennu’s weak boulders and thermally anomalous equator [O] . B. Rozitis, A. J. Ryan, J. P. Emery, 2020

机译：小行星（101955）Bennu的弱巨石和热异常赤道
7. Bennu’s near-Earth lifetime of 1.75 million years inferred from craters on its boulders [O] . R.-L. Ballouz, K. J. Walsh, O. S. Barnouin, 2020

机译：本纳的近地寿命为175万年，从巨石上的陨石坑推断出来

Bennu's near-Earth lifetime of 1.75 million years inferred from craters on its boulders

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