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A monotreme-like auditory apparatus in a Middle Jurassic haramiyidan

机译：侏罗纪哈马米丹中间的单调的听觉仪器

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摘要

Among extant vertebrates, mammals are distinguished by having a chain of three auditory ossicles (the malleus, incus and stapes) that transduce sound waves and promote an increased range of audible-especially high-frequencies~(1). By contrast, the homologous bones in early fossil mammals and relatives also functioned in chewing through their bony attachments to the lower jaw~(2). Recent discoveries of well-preserved Mesozoic mammals have provided glimpses into the transition from the dual (masticatory and auditory) to the single auditory function for the ossicles, which is now widely accepted to have occurred at least three times in mammal evolution~(3-6). Here we report a skull and postcranium that we refer to the haramiyidan Vilevolodon diplomylos (dating to the Middle Jurassic epoch (160 million years ago)) and that shows excellent preservation of the malleus, incus and ectotympanic (which supports the tympanic membrane). After comparing this fossil with other Mesozoic and extant mammals, we propose that the overlapping incudomallear articulation found in this and other Mesozoic fossils, in extant monotremes and in early ontogeny in extant marsupials and placentals is a morphology that evolved in several groups of mammals in the transition from the dual to the single function for the ossicles.
机译：在现存的脊椎动物中，哺乳动物通过具有三个听筒（甘蓝，病理和镫骨）的链来区分，使声波的声波和促进尤其高频的增加的范围〜（1）。相比之下，早期化石哺乳动物和亲属的同源骨骼也在咀嚼其骨粘接到下颌〜（2）的作用。最近的保存良好的中生代哺乳动物的发现已经向从双重（咀嚼和听觉）的过渡到纺织品的单个听觉功能的过渡中提供了瞥见，这现在被广泛被接受在哺乳动物演化中发生了至少三次〜（3- 6）。在这里，我们举报了一个头骨和孕期，我们参考了Haramiyidan Vilevolodon Diplomylos（约会到侏罗纪时代（1.6亿年前）），并且表现出优异的甘草，Incus和Ictotympanic（支持鼓膜）。在将这种化石与其他中生代和现存的哺乳动物进行比较后，我们提出在现存的单数和其他中生代化石中发现的重叠顽固性阐述，在现存的山血管和胎盘早期的组织内，是一种在几组哺乳动物中演变的形态从双重转换到骨箱的单一函数。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2021年第7845期|279-283|共5页
  • 作者

    Junyou Wang; John R Wible; Bin Guo; Sarah L Shelley; Han Hu; Shundong Bi;

  • 作者单位

    Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan University|Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History;

    Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan University|Section of Mammals Carnegie Museum of Natural History;

    Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History;

    Section of Mammals Carnegie Museum of Natural History|School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh;

    Zoology Division School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New England;

    Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan University|Department of Biology Indiana University of Pennsylvania;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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