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Non-ammocoete larvae of Palaeozoic stem lampreys

机译：古生古代茎羊毛的非Ammocoete幼虫

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Ammocoetes-the filter-feeding larvae of modern lampreys-have long influenced hypotheses of vertebrate ancestry(1-7). The life history of modern lampreys, which develop from a superficially amphioxus-like ammocoete to a specialized predatory adult, appears to recapitulate widely accepted scenarios of vertebrate origin. However, no direct evidence has validated the evolutionary antiquity of ammocoetes, and their status as models of primitive vertebrate anatomy is uncertain. Here we report larval and juvenile forms of four stem lampreys from the Palaeozoic era (Hardistiella, Mayomyzon, Pipiscius, and Priscomyzon), including a hatchling-to-adult growth series of the genus Priscomyzon from Late Devonian Gondwana. Larvae of all four genera lack the defining traits of ammocoetes. They instead display features that are otherwise unique to adult modern lampreys, including prominent eyes, a cusped feeding apparatus, and posteriorly united branchial baskets. Notably, phylogenetic analyses find that these non-ammocoete larvae occur in at least three independent lineages of stem lamprey. This distribution strongly implies that ammocoetes are specializations of modern-lamprey life history rather than relics of vertebrate ancestry. These phylogenetic insights also suggest that the last common ancestor of hagfishes and lampreys was a macrophagous predator that did not have a filter-feeding larval phase. Thus, the armoured `ostracoderms' that populate the cyclostome and gnathostome stems might serve as better proxies than living cyclostomes for the last common ancestor of all living vertebrates.
机译：Ammocoetes-现代Lampreys的过滤幼虫 - 长期影响脊椎动物血液（1-7）。现代Lampreys的生命历史，其从一只超颈部的Amphiocoete开发到专门的掠夺性成人，似乎重新承载了广泛接受的脊椎动物血迹的情况。但是，没有直接证据已经验证了Ammocoetes的进化古代，其作为原始脊椎动物解剖学模型的地位是不确定的。在这里，我们从古生物时代（难民，Mayomyzon，Pipiscius和Priscomuzon）报告幼虫和少年形式的四个茎雷格雷斯，其中包括来自Demonian Gondwana的Priscomyzon属的孵化对成人生长系列。所有四个属的幼虫缺乏针灸的定义性状。它们而言，显示成人现代Lampreys的特征，包括突出的眼睛，尖端的喂食装置和后鳃灌篮。值得注意的是，系统发育分析发现这些非Ammocoete幼虫在至少三个茎胚的血丝中发生。这种分布强烈意味着Ammocoetes是现代羊斑生命历史的专门，而不是脊椎动物血统的遗物。这些系统发育见解还表明，血管和Lampreys的最后一个共同的祖先是一种肠蠕动的捕食者，其没有过滤喂养的幼虫相。因此，填充鳞状骨髓和脑菌卵茎的装甲`雌激素'可能是比生活脊椎动物的最后一个共同的祖先的活面纱更好的代理。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2021年第7850期|408-412|共5页
  • 作者

    Miyashita Tetsuto; Gess Robert W.; Tietjen Kristen; Coates Michael I;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Chicago Dept Organismal Biol & Anat 1025 E 57Th St Chicago IL 60637 USA|Canadian Museum Nat Ottawa ON Canada|Univ Ottawa Dept Biol Ottawa ON Canada|Carleton Univ Dept Earth Sci Ottawa ON Canada;

    Rhodes Univ Albany Museum Makhanda South Africa|Rhodes Univ Dept Geol Makhanda South Africa;

    Univ Chicago Dept Organismal Biol & Anat 1025 E 57Th St Chicago IL 60637 USA|Univ Kansas Biodivers Inst Lawrence KS 66045 USA|Univ Kansas Nat Hist Museum Lawrence KS 66045 USA;

    Univ Chicago Dept Organismal Biol & Anat 1025 E 57Th St Chicago IL 60637 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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