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Mesozoic cupules and the origin of the angiosperm second integument

机译：中生代套管和AgeniSperm第二个子的起源

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摘要

The second integument of the angiosperm ovule is unique among seed plants, with developmental genetics that are distinct from those of the inner integument~(1). Understanding how the second integument should be compared to structures in other seed plants is therefore crucial to resolving the long-standing question of the origin of angiosperms~(2-6). Attention has focused on several extinct plants with recurved cupules that are reminiscent of the anatropous organization of the basic bitegmic ovules of angiosperms~(1-6), but interpretations have been hampered by inadequate information on the relevant fossils. Here we describe abundant exceptionally well-preserved recurved cupules from a newly discovered silicified peat dating to the Early Cretaceous epoch (around 125.6 million years ago) in Inner Mongolia, China. The new material, combined with re-examination of potentially related fossils, indicates that the recurved cupules of several groups of Mesozoic plants are all fundamentally comparable, and that their structure is consistent with the recurved form and development of the second integument in the bitegmic anatropous ovules of angiosperms. Recognition of these angiosperm relatives (angiophytes) provides a partial answer to the question of angiosperm origins, will help to focus future work on seed plant phylogenetics and has important implications for ideas on the origin of the angiosperm carpel.
机译：高管胚珠的第二个子是种子植物中的独特性，具有不同于内部内部的发育遗传学〜（1）。了解如何与其他种子植物中的结构进行比较如何与其他种子植物的结构相比，解决了〜（2-6）起源的长期问题至关重要。注意力集中在几种具有经过杂本的植物上，这些植物着眼于复仇的植物，这些植物让人同时发生了高管〜（1-6）的基本Bitegmic obules，但通过有关相关化石的信息不充分的信息受到阻碍。在这里，我们描述了从新发现的硅化泥炭的丰富过于保存完好的经济保存的杯子，该泥炭为早期的白垩纪时期（大约1256亿年前）在中国内蒙古。结合潜在的化石的重新检查的新材料表明，几组中生代植物的重复含量全部可比较，并且它们的结构与BITEGMIC Anatropous中第二个环的重新形成和发育一致高胚植物。识别这些缓神植物亲属（痛苦）为有神社会植物来源的问题提供了部分答案，将有助于关注未来的种子植物系统的工作，并对昂贵植物腕骨起源的思想具有重要意义。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2021年第7862期|223-226|共4页
  • 作者

    Gongle Shi; Fabiany Herrera; Patrick S Herendeen; Elizabeth G Clark; Peter R Crane;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences;

    Chicago Botanic Garden;

    Chicago Botanic Garden;

    Department of Biology Duke University;

    Oak Spring Garden Foundation Upperville|Yale School of the Environment Yale University;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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