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Fossil evidence unveils an early Cambrian origin for Bryozoa

机译：化石证据推出了一个早期的Bryozoa起源

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Bryozoans (also known as ectoprocts or moss animals) are aquatic, dominantly sessile, filter-feeding lophophorates that construct an organic or calcareous modular colonial (clonal) exoskeleton(1-3). The presence of six major orders of bryozoans with advanced polymorphisms in lower Ordovician rocks strongly suggests a Cambrian origin for the largest and most diverse lophophorate phylum(2,4-8). However, a lack of convincing bryozoan fossils from the Cambrian period has hampered resolution of the true origins and character assembly of the earliest members of the group. Here we interpret the millimetric, erect, bilaminate, secondarily phosphatized fossil Protomelission gatehousei(9) from the early Cambrian of Australia and South China as a potential stem-group bryozoan. The monomorphic zooid capsules, modular construction, organic composition and simple linear budding growth geometry represent a mixture of organic Gymnolaemata and biomineralized Stenolaemata character traits, with phylogenetic analyses identifying P. gatehousei as a stem-group bryozoan. This aligns the origin of phylum Bryozoa with all other skeletonized phyla in Cambrian Age 3, pushing back its first occurrence by approximately 35 million years. It also reconciles the fossil record with molecular clock estimations of an early Cambrian origination and subsequent Ordovician radiation of Bryozoa following the acquisition of a carbonate skeleton(10-13).
机译：苔藓盐（也称为ectoprocts或苔藓动物）是水生，主要的术语，过滤喂养偏磷脂酸盐，构成有机或钙质模块化殖民（克隆）外骨骼（1-3）。六个主要奥陶涅迪郡岩石中的荆棘的六个主要订单的存在强烈暗示了寒武纪的最大和最多样化的洛菲酸盐门（2,4-8）。然而，缺乏来自寒武纪时期的欺负性化石，阻碍了本集团最早成员的真实起源和品格组合的解决。在这里，我们将来自澳大利亚和华南早期的核心群体的核心群体，解释了毫米，直立，百胺，二次磷化化的化石射门门馆（9）。单声道毒素胶囊，模块化结构，有机组合物和简单的线性萌芽生长几何形式代表了有机床罩和生物蛋白化的史氏肠杆菌数据特征的混合物，具有鉴定P. Gatehouse作为茎组盐沸石的系统发育分析。这使Phylum Bryozoa的起源与寒武纪年龄3的所有其他骨髓化的Phyla对齐，将其第一次出现推回约3500万年。它还与在获取碳酸盐骨架（10-13）后，使用早期寒夜起源和后续奥陶语辐射的分子时钟估计来调和化石记录。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2021年第7884期|251-255|共5页
  • 作者

    Zhang Zhiliang; Zhang Zhifei; Ma Junye; Taylor Paul D.; Strotz Luke C.; Jacquet Sarah M.; Skovsted Christian B.; Chen Feiyang; Han Jian; Brock Glenn A.;

  • 作者单位

    Northwest Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Earl Life & Environm State Key Lab Continental Dynam Xian Peoples R China|Northwest Univ Dept Geol Xian Peoples R China|Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW Australia;

    Northwest Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Earl Life & Environm State Key Lab Continental Dynam Xian Peoples R China|Northwest Univ Dept Geol Xian Peoples R China;

    Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Paraeobiol & Stratig Nanjing Inst Geol & Paraeontor Nanjing Peoples R China;

    Nat Hist Museum Dept Earth Sci London England;

    Northwest Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Earl Life & Environm State Key Lab Continental Dynam Xian Peoples R China|Northwest Univ Dept Geol Xian Peoples R China;

    Univ Missouri Dept Geol Sci Columbia MO USA;

    Swedish Museum Nat Hist Dept Paraeobiol Stockholm Sweden;

    Northwest Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Earl Life & Environm State Key Lab Continental Dynam Xian Peoples R China|Northwest Univ Dept Geol Xian Peoples R China|Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW Australia|China Univ Min & Technol Sch Resources & Geosci Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China;

    Northwest Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Earl Life & Environm State Key Lab Continental Dynam Xian Peoples R China|Northwest Univ Dept Geol Xian Peoples R China;

    Northwest Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Earl Life & Environm State Key Lab Continental Dynam Xian Peoples R China|Northwest Univ Dept Geol Xian Peoples R China|Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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