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Gravity-driven continental overflow and Archaean tectonics

机译:重力驱动的大陆溢流和古生代构造

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摘要

Whether modern tectonic processes differ substantially from those in Archaean times ( > 2,500 Myr ago) remains controversial. One view is that Archaean tectonic processes were some combination of modern ones, occurring faster or more shallowly because of the larger heat output of the early Earth, but others have proposed that significantly different processes operated. Here I argue that gravitational spreading of Archaean continents would have caused them continuously and pervasively to 'overflow' onto adjacent ocean basins, and that this process would have naturally ceased at the end of the Archaean era. Because modern continental crust is believed to be ductile rather than brittle below a depth corresponding to a temperature of about 350-400℃ (ref. 3), it seems likely that such a ductile zone was universally present within the hotter Archaean continental crust. If the mean geothermal gradient of the continents had exceeded ~25-30℃ km~(-1), then the resulting ductile zone would have caused continental overflow to occur, and such a process can account for many of the distinctive peculiarities observed in the Archaean geological record. The cessation of continental overflow corresponds naturally to the stabilizing 'cratonization' which marked the end of the Archaean era, with its timing dependent on the evolution of both the geothermal gradient in the continents and the depth of the ocean basins.
机译:现代构造过程是否与古生代(> 2,500 Myr以前)大不相同,仍存在争议。一种观点认为,古生代构造过程是现代构造过程的某种组合,由于早期地球的热量输出较大,因此发生得更快或更浅,但是其他人则提出了明显不同的过程。在这里,我认为万有引力地影响了古希腊大陆的扩散,使它们持续不断地“泛滥”到邻近的海盆上,而这一过程自然会在古细菌时代的末期停止。因为现代大陆壳被认为在对应于约350-400℃的温度以下的深度是延性而不是脆性的(参考文献3),所以这样的延展带似乎普遍存在于较热的古生代大陆壳中。如果各大陆的平均地热梯度超过了〜25-30℃km〜(-1),那么由此产生的延性带就会引起大陆的溢流,这种过程可以解释许多在地球上观测到的独特特征。古生的地质记录。大陆性溢流的停止自然对应着稳定的“克拉通化”,这标志着古生时代的结束,其时间取决于大陆上地热梯度的演变和海盆深度。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |1999年第6726期|p.413-415|共3页
  • 作者

    R. C. Bailey;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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