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Nuclearfusion from explosions of femtosecond laser-heated deuterium clusters

机译：飞秒激光加热的氘团簇爆炸引起的核融合

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As a form of matter intermediate between molecules and bulk solids, atomic clusters have been much studied. Light-induced processes in clusters can lead to photo-fragmentation and Coulombic fission, producing atom and ion fragments with a few electronvolts (eV) of energy. However, recent studies of the photoionization of atomic clusters with high intensity ( > 10~(16)Wcm~(-2)) femtosecond laser pulses have shown that these interactions can be far more energetic—excitation of large atomic clusters can produce a superheated microplasma that ejects ions with kinetic energies up to 1 MeV (ref. 10). This phenomenon suggests that through irradiation of deuterium clusters, it would be possible to create plasmas with sufficient average ion energy for substantial nuclear fusion. Here we report the observation of nuclear fusion from the explosions of deuterium clusters heated with a compact, high-repetition-rate table-top laser. We achieve an efficiency of about 10~5 fusion neutrons per joule of incident laser energy, which approaches the efficiency of large-scale laser-driven fusion experiments. Our results should facilitate a range of fusion experiments using small-scale lasers, and may ultimately lead to the development of a table-top neutron source, which could potentially find wide application in materials studies.
机译：作为一种介于分子和堆积固体之间的物质形式，已经对原子团簇进行了深入研究。团簇中的光诱导过程可能导致光碎裂和库仑裂变，产生具有几个电子伏特（eV）能量的原子和离子碎片。但是，最近对高强度（> 10〜（16）Wcm〜（-2））飞秒激光脉冲的原子团簇进行电离的研究表明，这些相互作用可能更具能量—大原子团簇的激发会产生过热微等离子体发射动能高达1 MeV的离子（参考文献10）。这种现象表明，通过氘核的辐照，有可能产生具有足够平均离子能量的等离子体，以进行实质性核聚变。在这里，我们报告了由紧凑，高重复频率的台式激光器加热的氘簇爆炸引起的核聚变观察。我们获得每焦耳入射激光能量约10〜5个聚变中子的效率，这接近大规模激光驱动聚变实验的效率。我们的结果将促进使用小规模激光进行的一系列聚变实验，并可能最终导致开发台式中子源，从而有可能在材料研究中广泛应用。

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