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An amniote-like skeleton from the Early Carboniferous of Scotland

机译：苏格兰早期石炭纪的类似羊膜的骨骼

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摘要

The origin of tetrapods occurred in the Late Devonian period, and the earliest known taxa were aquatic. A gap of 30 million years has separated these early forms from the first record of terrestrial tetrapods, in the Late Visean (Early Carboniferous). Here we report the discovery of a small, highly ossified, post-cranial skeleton of a terrestrially adapted, amniote-like tetrapod from the Mid Visean; this specimen shows the earliest known pentadactyl manus. The skeleton is associated with a gracile humerus that has a constricted shaft and exhibits torsion between proximal and distal articulations. These features are associated with the maintenance of postural support and are strong evidence of locomotion on land. The specimen pushes back the known occurrence of terrestrial vertebrates closer to the origin of tetrapods. Phylogenetic analysis places this new animal close to undisputed amniotes occurring in the Westphalian, indicating that, by the Mid-Late Visean, amniotes already had a long, but previously unrecorded, history. The origin of amniotes seems to have occurred early in the Carboniferous and was part of a rapid diversification of tetrapods at this time.
机译：四足动物的起源发生在泥盆纪晚期，最早的分类单元是水生的。距今约三世（早石炭纪）的陆生四足动物的最早记录已与这些早期形式相距3000万年。在这里，我们报道了从中Visean发现的一个小而高度骨化的颅后骨骼，它是一种陆生适应的，类似于羊膜的四足动物。该标本显示了已知最早的戊内酯手。骨骼与脆弱的肱骨相关，肱骨具有狭窄的轴，在近端和远端关节之间表现出扭转。这些特征与姿势支持的维持有关，并且是陆上运动的有力证据。该标本将已知的陆生脊椎动物的位置推向更靠近四足动物的起源。系统发育分析使这种新动物接近于威斯特伐利亚地区无可争议的羊膜动物，这表明中晚期维西亚人的羊膜动物已有很长的历史，但以前没有记录。羊水的起源似乎发生在石炭纪的早期，并且是此时四足动物迅速多样化的一部分。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |1999年第6727期|p.508-513|共6页
  • 作者

    R. L. Paton; T. R. Smithson; J. A. Clack;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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