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Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis

机译：墨西尼盐度危机的年代，成因和进展

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The Messinian salinity crisis is widely regarded as one of the most dramatic episodes of oceanic change of the past 20 or so million years (refs 1-3). Earliest explanations were that extremely thick evaporites were deposited in a deep and desiccated Mediterranean basin that had been repeatedly isolated from the Atlantic Ocean, but elucidation of the causes of the isolation—whether driven largely by glacio-eustatic or tectonic processes—have been hampered by the absence of an accurate time frame. Here we present an astronomically calibrated chronology for the Mediterranean Messinian age based on an integrated high-resolution stratigraphy and 'tuning' of sedimentary cycle patterns to variations in the Earth's orbital parameters. We show that the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis is synchronous over the entire Mediterranean basin, dated at 5.96 ± 0.02 million years ago. Isolation from the Atlantic Ocean was established between 5.59 and 5.33 million years ago, causing a large fall in Mediterranean water level followed by erosion (5.59-5.50 million years ago) and deposition (5.50-5.33 million years ago) of non-marine sediments in a large 'Lago Mare' (Lake Sea) basin. Cyclic evaporite deposition is almost entirely related to circum-Mediterranean climate changes driven by changes in the Earth's precession, and not to obliquity-induced glacio-eustatic sea-level changes. We argue in favour of a dominantly tectonic origin for the Messinian salinity crisis, although its exact timing may well have been controlled by the ～400-kyr component of the Earth's eccentricity cycle.
机译：墨西拿盐度危机被广泛认为是过去20亿年左右的海洋变化最剧烈的事件之一（参考1-3）。最早的解释是，极厚的蒸发物沉积在一个深深的，干燥的地中海盆地中，该盆地从大西洋中多次被隔离，但是，这种隔离的原因（无论是主要由冰川愉快还是构造过程驱动）都受到了阻碍没有准确的时间范围。在这里，我们根据集成的高分辨率地层和沉积循环模式的“调整”到地球轨道参数的变化，介绍了地中海墨西拿时代的天文学校准年表。我们表明，在整个地中海盆地，墨西尼盐度危机的发生是同步的，其发生日期为5.96±0.02百万年前。在5.59至533万年前建立了与大西洋的隔离，导致地中海水位大大下降，随后侵蚀（5.59-5,550万年前）和沉积（5.50-533万年前）的大西洋沉积物。一个大型的“ Lago Mare”（湖海）盆地。周期性蒸发岩的沉积几乎完全与地球岁差的变化所驱动的环地中海气候变化有关，而与倾角引起的冰川向海平面变化无关。尽管有确切的时机很可能受地球偏心周期的约400 kyr分量控制，但我们认为，墨西尼盐度危机的构造起源占主导地位。

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