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A general model for the structure and allometry of plant vascular systems

机译：植物维管系统结构和异形的通用模型

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Vascular plants vary in size by about twelve orders of magnitude, and a single individual sequoia spans nearly this entire range as it grows from a seedling to a mature tree. Size influences nearly all of the structural, functional and ecological characteristics of organisms. Here we present an integrated model for the hydrodynamics, biomechanics and branching geometry of plants, based on the application of a general theory of resource distribution through hierarchical branching networks to the case of vascular plants. The model successfully predicts a fractal-like architecture and many known scaling laws, both between and within individual plants, including allometric exponents which are simple multiples of 1/4. We show that conducting tubes must taper and, consequently, that the resistance and fluid flow per tube are independent of the total path length and plant size. This resolves the problem of resistance increasing with length, thereby allowing plants to evolve vertical architectures and explaining why the maximum height of trees is about 100 m. It also explains why the energy use of plants in ecosystems is size independent.
机译：维管植物的大小变化约十二个数量级，单个红杉从幼苗生长到成熟树时几乎跨越了整个范围。大小几乎影响生物体的所有结构，功能和生态特征。在这里，我们基于植物通过层级分支网络分配资源的一般理论，对维管束植物的流体力学，生物力学和分支几何形状提出了一个集成模型。该模型成功地预测了单个植物之间和内部的分形结构和许多已知的缩放定律，包括异形指数（其为1/4的简单倍数）。我们表明，导电管必须逐渐变细，因此，每根管的阻力和流体流量与总路径长度和设备尺寸无关。这解决了阻力随着长度增加而增加的问题，从而使植物能够进化垂直结构，并解释了为什么树木的最大高度约为100 m。这也解释了为什么生态系统中植物的能源使用与规模无关。

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